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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-22-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Популяция тучных клеток желудка крыс в условиях наземного моделирования невесомости и раннего периода реадаптации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gastric mast cell population in rats under ground-simulated weightlessness conditions and in early readaptation period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3785-4285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Андреевич Жуков, аспирант</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Zhukov, postgraduate student </p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexanderzhukov1993@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexeeva</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Тимофеевна Алексеева, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой</p><p>кафедра нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya T. Alexeeva, Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor; head of department</p><p>human anatomy department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeevant@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-4578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Викторовна Шишкина, канд. мед. наук, директор НИИ, доцент</p><p>НИИ экспериментальной биологии и медицины</p><p>кафедра гистологии</p><p>394036</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya V. Shishkina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of the Scientific Research Institute, associate professor</p><p>Scientific Research Institute of experimental biology and medicine</p><p>Department of histology</p><p>394036</p><p>ul. Studencheskaya, 10</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4128069@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-535X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilenko</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Валерьевна Самойленко, научный сотрудник</p><p>НИИ экспериментальной биологии и медицины</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana V. Samoilenko, researcher</p><p>Scientific Research Institute of experimental biology and medicine</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antailkka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-8466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горюшкина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryushkina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Сергеевна Горюшкина, лаборант</p><p>НИИ экспериментальной биологии и медицины</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Goryushkina, laboratory assistant</p><p>Scientific Research Institute of experimental biology and medicine</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goruskinaalt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-8272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотарева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotareva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Николаевна Золотарева, канд. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра гистологии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Zolotareva, Cand. Sci. (Bio.), associate professor</p><p>Department of histology</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zol2009sn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-5642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будневская</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budnevskaya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>София Андреевна Будневская, студент</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofiya A. Budnevskaya, student</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">budnev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-8059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Евгеньевна Иванова, ассистент</p><p>кафедра гистологии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Ivanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), teaching assistant</p><p>Department of histology</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89155888871@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-7607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Валерьевна Клочкова, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>кафедра анатомии человека</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Klochkova, Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>human anatomy department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">swetlana.chava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н. Н. Бурденко<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жуков А.А., Алексеева Н.Т., Шишкина В.В., Самойленко Т.В., Горюшкина Е.С., Золотарева С.Н., Будневская С.А., Иванова Е.Е., Клочкова С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жуков А.А., Алексеева Н.Т., Шишкина В.В., Самойленко Т.В., Горюшкина Е.С., Золотарева С.Н., Будневская С.А., Иванова Е.Е., Клочкова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhukov A.A., Alexeeva N.T., Shishkina V.V., Samoilenko T.V., Goryushkina E.S., Zolotareva S.N., Budnevskaya S.A., Ivanova E.E., Klochkova S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1754">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1754</self-uri><abstract><p>   Воздействие на пищеварительную систему измененной гравитации является одной из актуальных проблем космической биологии и медицины. Изучение влияния невесомости на функционирование тучных клеток (ТК) в органах желудочно-кишечного тракта обуславливается их полифункциональностью и участием в формировании адаптационных и патологических процессов.</p><p>   Целью исследования явилось изучение морфофункционального состояния ТК в оболочках желудка крыс линии Wistar при наземном моделировании условий невесомости в течение 14 суток и 3-дневного периода восстановления.</p><sec><title>   Материал и методы</title><p>   Материал и методы. Проведено экспериментальное исследование на аутбредных половозрелых белых крысах самцах стока Wistar. ТЧМТ (основная группа, n = 30) моделировалась под наркозом (Zoletil-100) на оригинальной установке. Для контроля использовали интактных животных (n = 6). Морфологическую оценку нервной ткани гиппокампа (СА1, СА3) осуществляли при помощи световой микроскопии (окраска гематоксилин–эозином, тионином по Нисслю), иммуногистохимической реакции на синаптофизин (p38), Caspase 3, GFAP и морфометрических методов исследования (программа ImageJ 1.53) в контроле и через 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 сут после ТЧМТ. Проверку статистических гипотез проводили с помощью непараметрических методов (критерии Колмогорова–Смирнова, Краскела–Уоллиса, Манна–Уитни, Вилкоксона, Спирмена) в программе Statistica 10.0.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Эксперимент проведен на 3 группах крыс линии Wistar: контрольной, опытной, подвергнутой антиортостатическому вывешиванию и группе 3-дневного восстановления, по 7 животных в каждой. Идентификация ТК осуществлялась с помощью окрашивания по Май–Грюнвальду с докрашиванием раствором Гимза и иммуногистохимической детекции триптазы. Статистическая обработка осуществлялась с использованием SPSS 13 с применением параметрических и непараметрических критериев.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Полученные результаты указывают на грависенситивность некоторых структурных компонентов желудка, а также подтверждают участие тучных клеток и их секретома в формировании адаптивных реакций как на клеточном, так и на тканевом уровне в ответ на воздействие эффектов измененной гравитации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The effect of altered gravity on the digestive system is one of the challenging issues in space biology and medicine. The study of the effect of weightlessness on the mast cell (MC) functioning in the gastrointestinal organs is determined by their multifunctionality and participation in the developing adaptive and pathological processes.</p><p>   The aim of the study was to investigate the morphofunctional state of MCs in the stomach membranes of Wistar rats during 14 days of ground-based simulated weightlessness conditions and in a 3-day recovery period.</p><sec><title>   Material and methods</title><p>   Material and methods. The experiment involved 3 groups of Wistar rats: control, experimental – exposed to antiorthostatic suspension – and a 3-day-recovery group, 7 animals each, respectively. Identification of MCs was carried out using May-Grunwald staining with additional staining with Giemsa solution and immunohistochemical tryptase detection. The results obtained were statistically processed with SPSS 13 using parametric and non-parametric criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. A significantly increased number of metachromatic MC population was found only in the mucosa in animals of the antiorthostatic suspension and 3-day-recovery groups compared to the vivarium control. There was a sharp decrease in degranulating forms of MCs in the submucosalcoat in animals of the 3-day-recovery group compared to the control. A significantly increased number of degranulating forms of MCs was revealed in the muscle membrane in animals of the antiorthostatic suspension group. Immunohistochemical staining of MCs with antibodies to tryptase, in contrast to staining for metachromasia, allowed identifying a significant representation of tryptase-positive cells in the gastric mucosa in animals of the 3-day-recovery group.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. The results obtained support gravisensitivity of certain structural components of the stomach, and also evidence MC and their secretome participation in the developing adaptive responses to the effects of altered gravity both at the cellular and tissue levels.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антиортостатическое вывешивание</kwd><kwd>реадаптация</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>триптаза</kwd><kwd>метахромазия</kwd><kwd>желудок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antiorthostatic suspension</kwd><kwd>readaptation</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>tryptase</kwd><kwd>metachromasia</kwd><kwd>stomach</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атякшин Д. 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