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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-9-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1753</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические основы реорганизации межнейронных взаимоотношений гиппокампа белых крыс после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological bases of reorganization of the hippocampal interneuronal relationships in white rats after severe traumatic brain injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Александрович Акулинин, д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой</p><p>кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>644099</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Akulinin, Doct. Sci. (Med.), Prof., head of the Department</p><p>Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>644099</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin@omsk-osma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-3137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоронова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoronova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Юрьевна Шоронова, аспирант</p><p>кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya Yu. Shoronova, postgraduate student</p><p>Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastasya1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Степанович Степанов, д-р. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Stepanov, Doct. Sci, (Med.), leading researcher</p><p>Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-2027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржук</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhuk</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Сергеевич Коржук, д-р. мед. наук, профессор</p><p>кафедра и клиника военно-морской хирургии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Korzhuk, Doct. Sci. (Med.), professor</p><p>Department and Clinic of Naval Surgery</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gensurg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-6541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарьева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makar'eva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Михайловна Макарьева, аспирант</p><p>кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov' M. Makar'eva, postgraduate student</p><p>Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyuba.mamontova.07@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-7905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цускман</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsuskman</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Геннадиевна Цускман, канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Tsuskman, Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor</p><p>Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira.tsuskman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Борисович Авдеев, канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii B. Avdeev, Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor</p><p>Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev86@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0446-9041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Владимировна Степанова, канд. ветеринар. наук, старший преподаватель</p><p>кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Stepanova, Cand. Sci. (Vet.), senior lecturer</p><p>Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lw1987@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Акулинин В.А., Шоронова А.Ю., Степанов С.С., Коржук М.С., Макарьева Л.М., Цускман И.Г., Авдеев Д.Б., Степанова Л.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акулинин В.А., Шоронова А.Ю., Степанов С.С., Коржук М.С., Макарьева Л.М., Цускман И.Г., Авдеев Д.Б., Степанова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akulinin V.A., Shoronova A.Y., Stepanov S.S., Korzhuk M.S., Makar'eva L.M., Tsuskman I.G., Avdeev D.B., Stepanova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1753">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1753</self-uri><abstract><p>   Цель исследования – изучить морфологические изменения нейронов, глии и синаптических терминалей в СА1 и СА3 гиппокампа головного мозга белых крыс после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ТЧМТ).</p><sec><title>   Материал и методы</title><p>   Материал и методы. Проведено экспериментальное исследование на аутбредных половозрелых белых крысах самцах стока Wistar. ТЧМТ (основная группа, n = 30) моделировалась под наркозом (Zoletil-100) на оригинальной установке. Для контроля использовали интактных животных (n = 6). Морфологическую оценку нервной ткани гиппокампа (СА1, СА3) осуществляли при помощи световой микроскопии (окраска гематоксилин–эозином, тионином по Нисслю), иммуногистохимической реакции на синаптофизин (p38), Caspase 3, GFAP и морфометрических методов исследования (программа ImageJ 1.53) в контроле и через 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 сут после ТЧМТ. Проверку статистических гипотез проводили с помощью непараметрических методов (критерии Колмогорова–Смирнова, Краскела–Уоллиса, Манна–Уитни, Вилкоксона, Спирмена) в программе Statistica 10.0.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Через 1 сут после ТЧМТ появлялись дегенеративно измененные темные нейроны, клетки-тени, отмечались мелкие очаги выпадения нейронов, выраженные проявления отека-набухания в перикарионах и нейропиле. Преобладали коагуляционно-ишемические механизмы гибели нейронов, структурные и иммуногистохимические признаки активации апоптоза (Caspase 3 в перикарионах) выявлялись в единичных клетках поля СА1. В отдаленном периоде исследования (30 сут) сохранялись гидропические изменения, хроматолиз с просветлением цитоплазмы, гиперхромия без и с гомогенизацией структур нейронов. Было характерно увеличение нейроглиального индекса. Между отделами и сроками выявлены статистически значимые различия основных морфометрических показателей. Через 30 сут после травмы в СА1 общая численная плотность нейронов снижалась на 43,8 %, а в СА3 – 22,0 %, сохранялся значительный (20–40 %) дефицит терминалей синапсов нейропиля. Таким образом, компенсаторно-восстановительная реорганизация нейронных сетей гиппокампа происходила на фоне его структурно-функциональной недостаточности. Вероятно, в реализации нейропластичности определенную роль играла Caspase 3.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. После ТЧМТ выявлены диффузно-очаговые патоморфологические изменения клеток СА1 и СА3 гиппокампа. Увеличение относительного содержания глиальных клеток свидетельствовало о реализации феномена саногенеза нервной ткани. Реорганизация межнейронных связей происходила на протяжении 30 сут наблюдения, вероятно, с участием каспаз.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The aim of the study was to investigate morphological changes in neurons, glia and synaptic terminals in cytoarchitectonic fields CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus in white rats after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).</p><sec><title>   Material and methods</title><p>   Material and methods. This experimental study involved outbred adult white Wistar rats. STBI (main group, n = 30) was simulated under anesthesia (Zoletil-100) on the tailor-made device. Intact animals (n = 6) were used as controls. Morphological assessment of the hippocampal nervous tissue (in fields CA1 and CA3) was carried out using light microscopy (staining with hematoxylin and eosin, thionin according to Nissl), immunohistochemical reactions for synaptophysin (p38), Caspase 3, GFAP, and morphometric investigation techniques (ImageJ 1.53 program) in animals of the control group and in experimental animals in 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days after STBI. Statistically hypotheses were tested using nonparametric tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon, Spearman tests) in the Statistica program. 10.0.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. In a day after STBI, there were noted degeneratively altered dark neurons, shadow cells, small foci of neuron prolapse, pronounced manifestations of edema-swelling in the perikarya and neuropil. Coagulative-ischemic mechanisms of neuronal death prevailed, structural and immunohistochemical signs of apoptosis activation (Caspase 3 in the perikarya) were detected in sporadic cells of the field CA1. In the late period of the study (in 30 days), hydropic changes, chromatolysis with cytoplasmic clearing, hyperchromia without and with homogenization of neuronal structures persisted. An increased neuroglial index was distinctive. Statistically significant differences in the main morphometric parameters were revealed between segments and terms. The total number density of neurons decreased by 43.8 % in CA1 and in CA3 by 22.0 % in 30 days after injury; a significant (20–40 %) deficit of neuropil synapse terminals remained. Thus, the compensatory-restorative reorganization of the hippocampal neuronal networks occurred combined with its structural and functional insufficiency. Probably, Caspase 3 was crucial in implementing neuroplasticity.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Post-STBI diffuse-focal pathomorphological changes were revealed in CA1 and CA3 cells of the hippocampus. An increased relative content of glial cells indicated the realization of sanogenesis of the nervous tissue. Reorganization of interneuronal connections occurred during 30 days of observation, caspases might be participants of this process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>нейроглия</kwd><kwd>синапсы</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>neuroglia</kwd><kwd>synapses</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боровиков В. Statistica. Искусство анализа данных на компьютере. 2-ое изд. СПб.: Питер; 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovikov V. Statistica. Iskusstvo analiza dannykh na komp'yutere. 2-oe izd. Saint-Petersburg: Piter; 2003. 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