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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-79-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1707</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональные изменения нейронов, глиальных клеток и синапсов в сенсомоторной коре после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional Changes in Neurons, Glial Cells and Synapses in the Sensorimotor Cortex after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-3137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоронова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoronova</surname><given-names>А. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шоронова Анастасия Юрьевна – аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya Yu. Shoronova – postgraduate student of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastasya1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Akulinin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Prof., head of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin@omsk-osma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Сергей Степанович – д-р. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Stepanov – Doct. Sci, (Med.), leading researcher of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-2027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржук</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhuk</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коржук Михаил Сергеевич – д-р. мед. наук, профессор кафедры и клиники военно-морской хирургии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Korzhuk – Doct. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Departmentand Clinic of Naval Surgery</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gensurg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-6541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарьева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makar'eva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарьева Любовь Михайловна – аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov' M. Makar'eva – postgraduate student of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyuba.mamontova.07@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Дмитрий Борисович – канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii B. Avdeev – Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev86@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-6683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрябина Ольга Витальевна – канд. тех. наук, доцент кафедры кормления животных и частной зоотехнии факультета зоотехнии, товароведения и стандартизации</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga V. Skryabina – Cand. Sci. (Tech.), associate professor of the Department of animal feeding and small animal science of faculty of animal sciences, merchandizing and standardization</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ov.skryabina@omgau.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-7905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цускман</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsuskman</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цускман Ирина Геннадиевна – канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Tsuskman – Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira.tsuskman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный аграрный университет им. П.А. Столыпина</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.A. StolypinOmsk State Agrarian University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шоронова А.Ю., Акулинин В.А., Степанов С.С., Коржук М.С., Макарьева Л.М., Авдеев Д.Б., Скрябина О.В., Цускман И.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шоронова А.Ю., Акулинин В.А., Степанов С.С., Коржук М.С., Макарьева Л.М., Авдеев Д.Б., Скрябина О.В., Цускман И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shoronova А.Y., Akulinin V.A., Stepanov S.S., Korzhuk M.S., Makar'eva L.M., Avdeev D.B., Skryabina O.V., Tsuskman I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1707">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1707</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить морфофункциональные изменения нейронов, глиальных клеток и синаптических терминалей в сенсомоторной коре головного мозга крыс после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ТЧМТ).Материал и методы. Моделирование ТЧМТ у белых крыс (основная группа, n=30) осуществляли на установке со специальным ударным механизмом. Контролем служили интактные животные (n=6). Гистоморфологическое изучение сенсомоторной коры (СМК) головного мозга крыс проводили на срезах, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином и тионином по Нисслю. Иммуногистохимическими реакциями выявляли синаптофизин и GFAP, проводили морфометрию. На серийных фронтальных срезах СМК изучены нейроны, нейроглия и межнейронные синапсы в контроле и через 1, 3, 7, 14 и 30 сут после ТЧМТ. Определяли численную плотность нейронов, нейроглии и синаптических терминалей на единицу площади среза слоев I (только терминали), III и V СМК мозга. Проверку статистических гипотез проводили с помощью непараметрических методов в программе Statistica 10.0.Результаты. В контроле на фоне неизмененного нейропиля преобладали типичные нормохромные пирамидные нейроны, четко верифицировались синаптические терминали. После ТЧМТ отмечались признаки тинкториальных, гидропических, дегидратационных и некробиотических изменений нейронов, реактивного астроглиоза, появлялись поля «выпадения» нейронов, уменьшалась общая численная плотность нейронов и синапсов. Максимальное увеличение содержания пикноморфных нейронов выявлено через 1 сут после ТЧМТ (в слое III СМК – на 11,6%, в слое V СМК – на 18,5%). Пик численной плотности клеток-теней и гиперхромных несморщенных нейронов отмечен через 3 сут. Численная плотность синаптических терминалей при этом в разных слоях СМК уменьшалась в 1,5-2 раза. Об изменении баланса процессов деструкции и восстановления синаптического пула после ТЧМТ свидетельствовали статистически значимые данные о снижении и увеличении численной плотности терминалей в течение 30 сут наблюдения. Полного восстановления изученных показателей нейронов и синапсов до контрольных значений в течение 30 сут не происходило.Заключение. После ТЧМТ функционирование СМК мозга крыс происходит на фоне длительного сохранения обратимо и необратимо поврежденных нейронов, реактивного нейроглиоза и перманентной реорганизации межнейронных отношений за счет активации репаративной нейро- и синаптической пластичности. Полученные данные послужат для уточнения реорганизации составляющих разных нейрональных комплексов СМК (слои I, III и V) после ТЧМТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to investigate morphofunctional modifications in neurons, glial cells and synaptic terminals in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain in rats after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).Material and methods. STBI simulation in white rats (main group, n=30) was performed on a device with a special shock mechanism. Intact animals (n=6) were included in the control group. The sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the brain in rats was studied histomorphologically on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and thionin according to Nissl. Synaptophysin and GFAP were detected immunohistochemically, then morphometry was performed. On serial frontal sections of the SMC, neurons, neuroglia, and interneuronal synapses were studied in animals of the control group and in animals exposed to STBI in 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after STBI simulation. The number density of neurons, neuroglia, and synaptic terminals was determined per a unit area of the section of layers I (terminals only), III, and V of the cerebral SMC. Statistical hypotheses were tested using nonparametric methods in the Statistica 10.0 program.Results. In animals of the control group, typical normochromic pyramidal neurons predominated, synaptic terminals were clearly verified; this was combined with unaltered neuropil. In animals exposed to STBI, there were signs of tinctorial, hydropic, dehydration and necrobiotic changes in neurons, reactive astrogliosis, fields of "loss" of neurons appeared; the overall numerical density of neurons and synapses decreased. The maximally increased content of pycnomorphic neurons was detected in 1 day after STBI (in layer III of the SMC, by 11.6%; in layer V of the SMC, by 18.5%). The peak in the number density of shadow cells and hyperchromic non-wrinkled neurons was noted in 3 days. The numerical density of synaptic terminals in different layers of the SMC decreased by 1.5-2 times. The altered balance of the destruction and restoration processes of the synaptic pool after STBI was evidenced by statistically significant data on the decreased and increased numerical density of terminals during 30 days of the study. There was no complete recovery of the studied parameters of neurons and synapses to control values within 30 days.Conclusion. The SMC of the brain in rats remains functioning after STBI; this occurs in the context of long-term preservation of reversibly and irreversibly damaged neurons, reactive neurogliosis, and permanent reorganization of interneuronal relationships due to activated reparative neuro- and synaptic plasticity. The data obtained will specify reorganization of the components of various neuronal complexes of the SMC (layers I, III, and V) after STBI.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>синапсы</kwd><kwd>глия</kwd><kwd>сенсомоторная кора</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>synapses</kwd><kwd>glia</kwd><kwd>sensorimotor cortex</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боровиков В. Statistica. Искусство анализа данных на компьютере. 2-ое изд. Санкт-Петербург: Питер; 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovikov V. Statistica. Iskusstvo analiza dannykh na komp'yutere. 2-ed. 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