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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-64-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуноморфологическая оценка беременных крыс, подвергшихся пассивному табакокурению, и их потомства (нейроэндокринные аспекты)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunomorphological Evaluation of Pregnant Rats Exposed to Passive Smoking and their Offspring (Neuroendocrine Aspects)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-0534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стадников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stadnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стадников Александр Абрамович – д-р. биол. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Stadnikov – Doct. Sci. (Bio.), Prof., head of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-7026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмичева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuz'micheva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьмичева Наталия Александровна – старший преподаватель кафедры фармацевтической химии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Kuz'micheva – senior teacher of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmichevanatalia85@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1929-4334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkareva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкарева Людмила Анатольевна – аспирант кафедры нормальной физиологии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Pushkareva – postgraduate student of the Departmentof Normal Physiology</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkarevamila@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-3943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермолина Евгения Вячеславовна – канд. биол. наук, биолог иммунологической лаборатории Научно-исследовательского центра</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya V. Ermolina – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), biologist of the immunology laboratory of Scientifical Research Center</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">probllab.orenburg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-0887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлова Ирина Валерьевна – д-р. биол. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой фармацевтической химии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Mikhailova – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">michaylova74@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-6646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолягин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyagin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смолягин Александр Иванович - д-р. мед. наук, профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr I. Smolyagin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.i.smolyagin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стадников А.А., Кузьмичева Н.А., Пушкарева Л.А., Ермолина Е.В., Михайлова И.В., Смолягин А.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стадников А.А., Кузьмичева Н.А., Пушкарева Л.А., Ермолина Е.В., Михайлова И.В., Смолягин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stadnikov A.A., Kuz'micheva N.A., Pushkareva L.A., Ermolina E.V., Mikhailova I.V., Smolyagin A.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1705">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1705</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – комплексная оценка гистологических параметров гипоталамической нейросекреторной и иммунной систем у беременных крыс, подвергавшихся воздействию пассивного табакокурения, и их потомства.Материал и методы. Исследовали морфологические и иммунологические показатели беременных, подвергавшихся воздействию пассивного табакокурения и контрольных крыс линии Wistar, а также их потомства. Полученный материал обрабатывали с использованием гистологических, иммуногистохимических, морфометрических и иммунологических методов.Результаты. Полученные результаты показали, что у крыс, подвергавшихся воздействию пассивного табакокурения, увеличивались размеры нейросекреторных клеток (НСК) супраоптических (СО) и паравентрикулярных (ПВ) ядер гипоталамуса, возрастало число р53 позитивных НСК, уменьшалась экспрессия белка bcl-2. Табакокурение вызывало формирование проаптотической доминанты в НСК СО и ПВ ядер гипоталамуса. Пассивное табакокурение приводило к снижению массы тела у беременных крыс, уменьшению количества тимоцитов и миелокариоцитов. У крысят, родившихся от животных, подвергавшихся воздействию пассивного табакокурения, наблюдалось замедление процессов постнатальной дифференцировки коры надпочечников (пучковой зоны) при сохранении протяженной зоны фетальной коры. При этом задержки гисто- и морфогенезов отмечались как в органах первичного (тимус), так и вторичного (селезенка, лимфатические узлы) звеньев иммуногенеза. У таких крысят регистрировалось снижение массы тела и тимуса, числа тимоцитов и спленоцитов.Заключение. Совокупность результатов исследования свидетельствует о том, что пассивное табакокурение вызывает изменения иммунодепрессивного характера у беременных крыс и их потомства на фоне задержки постнатальных гистогенезов и проапоптотических проявлений в нонапептидергической гипоталамо-гипофизарной адренокортикальной системе, что может быть расценено как неблагоприятный фактор в реализации механизмов нейроэндокринной регуляции процессов адаптогенеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess histological parameters of the hypothalamic neurosecretory and immune systems in pregnant rats exposed to passive smoking and their offspring.Material and methods. We studied morphological and immunological parameters of pregnant Wistar rats exposed to passive smoking and those of the control group, as well as their offspring. The obtained material was processed using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and immunological methods.Results. The results obtained demonstrated that in rats exposed to passive smoking, the sizes of neurosecretory cells (NSCs) of the supraoptic (SO) and paraventricular (PV) nuclei of the hypothalamus increased, the number of p53 positive NSCs increased, and bcl-2 protein expression decreased. Tobacco smoking caused formation of a proaptotic dominant in the neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Passive smoking led to a decreased body weight, a decreased number of thymocytes and myelokaryocytes in pregnant rats. In young rats born from the animals exposed to passive smoking, there was a slowdown in the processes of postnatal differentiation of the adrenal cortex (fascicular zone) with preservation of the extended zone of the fetal cortex. Notably, histo- and morphogenesis both in the organs of the primary (thymus) and secondary (spleen, lymph nodes) links of immunogenesis were delayed. In such young rats, a decreased body weight, thymus, number of thymocytes and splenocytes were recorded.Conclusion. Total results of the study evidence that passive smoking causes immunosuppressive changes in pregnant rats and their offspring combined with delayed postnatal histogenesis and proapoptotic manifestations in the nonapeptide-dergic hypothalamicpituitary adrenocortical system, which can be regarded as an unfavorable factor in the implementation of the neuroendocrine regulative mechanisms of adaptogenesis processes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременные крысы</kwd><kwd>пассивное табакокурение</kwd><kwd>морфологические показатели</kwd><kwd>иммунологические показатели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnant rats</kwd><kwd>passive smoking</kwd><kwd>morphological parameters</kwd><kwd>immunological parameters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автандилов Г.Г. Морфометрия в патологии. 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