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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-37-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1701</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности железистого аппарата внепеченочных желчевыводящих путей в старческом возрасте и у долгожителей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the Peribiliary Glands of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tract in the Elderly and Long-Living Individuals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-7607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клочкова Светлана Валерьевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедра анатомии человека</p><p>ул. Миклохо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Klochkova – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor of human anatomy department</p><p>ul. Miklokho-Maklaya, 6, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">swetlana.chava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexeeva</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Наталия Тимофеевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya T. Alexeeva – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor; head of human anatomy department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeevant@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аллахвердиев</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Allakhverdiev</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллахвердиев Мубариз Касым оглы – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры анатомии человека и медицинской терминологии</p><p>Баку</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mubariz K. Allakhverdiev – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor; Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Terminology</p><p>Baku</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-1222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитюк</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikityuk</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитюк Дмитрий Борисович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, акад. РАН, директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii B. Nikityuk – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Acad. of RAS, head</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimitrynik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Мария Александровна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya A. Kuznetsova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Biomedical Disciplines Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кварацхелия</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvaratskheliya</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кварацхелия Анна Гуладиевна – канд. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Kvaratskheliya – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of Human Anatomy Department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna_kvar_83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Сергей Анатольевич – студент</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Alekseev – student</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-1105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наговицин</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagovitsin</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наговицин Александр Константинович – студент</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr K. Nagovitsin – student</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nagovizinak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Азербайджанский медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Azerbaijan Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова&#13;
(Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology and Food Safety; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский финансово-промышленный университет «Синергия»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клочкова С.В., Алексеева Н.Т., Аллахвердиев М.К., Никитюк Д.Б., Кузнецова М.А., Кварацхелия А.Г., Алексеев С.А., Наговицин А.К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клочкова С.В., Алексеева Н.Т., Аллахвердиев М.К., Никитюк Д.Б., Кузнецова М.А., Кварацхелия А.Г., Алексеев С.А., Наговицин А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klochkova S.V., Alexeeva N.T., Allakhverdiev M.K., Nikityuk D.B., Kuznetsova M.A., Kvaratskheliya A.G., Alekseev S.A., Nagovitsin A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1701">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1701</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – провести гистологический и морфометрический анализ желез внепеченочных желчевыводящих путей у людей старческого возраста и долгожителей.Материал и методы. На тотальных препаратах желчного пузыря, пузырного, печеночных и общего желчного протока, полученных от трупов лиц обоего пола в возрасте от 22 до 35 лет (n=16) и старше 76 лет (n=39) методом макромикроскопии оценивали количество, плотность расположения, размеры и форму желез, площадь просвета устья выводного протока, площадь начального отдела желез, число начальных (концевых) частей и долю эпителиальной паренхимы в его составе.Результаты. С возрастом отмечается уменьшение доли «сложно разветвленных» желез со значительным числом начальных отделов и выводных протоков 1-го порядка. Содержание «простых» желез, с одним начальным отделом в старческом возрасте увеличивается до 70,2–78,3%, тогда как у лиц зрелого возраста составляет 41,0–52,1%. У долгожителей отмечается увеличение (до 70–85%) количества желез с ампулярными расширениями общего выводного протока. Общее количество, плотность локализации желез, длина и ширина начального отдела желез от зрелого возраста до периода долгожительства демонстрирует тенденцию к уменьшению. В старческом возрасте размеры и количественные показатели желез стабилизируются и у долгожителей не изменяются.Заключение. По результатам проведенного морфологического анализа можно полагать, что прогрессирования инволютивных изменений в железах внепеченочных желчевыводящих путей от старческого возраста к периоду долгожительства не наблюдается. В ряде случаев у долгожителей отмечаются проявления компенсаторно-приспособительных реакций в виде увеличения выраженности эпителиального паренхиматозного компонента в составе желез и увеличение содержания желез с ампулярным расширением общего выводного протока.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to analyse histologically and morphometrically the peribiliary glands of the extrahepatic biliary tract in the elderly and long-living people.Material and methods. The study included wholemounts of the gallbladder, the cystic, hepatic and common bile ducts obtained from the corpses of both sexes aged 22 to 35 years (n=16) and older than 76 years (n=39). Macro-microscopy was used to evaluate the number, localization, sizes and shape of the glands, the area of the lumen of the excretory duct orifices, the area of the initial section of the glands, the number of initial (terminal) parts and the proportion of epithelial parenchyma in their composition.Results. With age, there is a decreased proportion of "complexly branched" glands with a significant number of initial sections and excretory ducts of the 1st order. The proportion of "simple" glands, with one initial section increases to 70.2–78.3% in the senile age, while it is 41.0–52.1% in people of mature age. In long-living people, there is an increased number (up to 70–85%) of glands with ampullar extensions of the common excretory duct. The total number, density of gland localization, the length and width of the initial section of the peribiliary glands tend to decrease from the period of mature age to longevity. In senile age, the size and quantitative parameters of the glands stabilize, and do not modify in long-living people.Conclusion. The results of the morphological analysis demonstrate that there is no progression of involutive changes in the peribiliary glands of the extrahepatic biliary tract from senile age to the period of longevity. In some cases, long-living individuals manifest compensatory-adaptive reactions, such as an increased severity of the epithelial parenchymal component in the composition of the glands and an increased proportion of glands with an ampullar expansion of the common excretory duct.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внепеченочные желчевыводящие пути</kwd><kwd>железы слизистой оболочки</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extrahepatic bile ducts</kwd><kwd>peribiliary glands</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автандилов Г.Г. Морфометрия в патологии. М.: Медицина; 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avtandilov GG. Morfometriya v patologii. 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