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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-4-41-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1655</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Классификация и диагностика асимметрии молочных желез</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Breast asymmetry classification and diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-7912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мнихович</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mnikhovich</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мнихович Максим Валерьевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории</p><p>ул. Цюрупы, 3, Москва, 117418</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Mnikhovich – Cand. Med. Sci., Assoc. Prof., leading researcher of the central pathological anatomical laboratory</p><p>ul. Tsyurupy, 3, Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnichmaxim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-1730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федорова Анна Сергеевна – студент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Fedorova – student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yodorova_hannah@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-0023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романов Александр Вячеславович – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Romanov – junior researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnichmaxim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А. П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии им. акад. Б. В. Петровского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А. П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии им. акад. Б. В. Петровского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of acad. B. V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мнихович М.В., Федорова А.С., Романов А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мнихович М.В., Федорова А.С., Романов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mnikhovich M.V., Fedorova A.S., Romanov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1655">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1655</self-uri><abstract><p>Асимметрия молочных желез является полиэтиологичным состоянием, которое может быть связано с врожденными особенностями, аномалиями развития, гормональными изменениями, травмами и перенесенными операциями. Наличие асимметрии должно учитываться пластическим хирургом при планировании операций на молочных железах, в том числе их оперативного увеличения или уменьшения, а также реконструктивных вмешательств. Асимметрия молочных желез является достаточно распространенным явлением, по некоторым оценкам, она встречается более чем у половины женщин. Для диагностики асимметрии молочных желез используются как антропометрические методы, так и технологии лучевой диагностики. Существует множество классификаций асимметрии молочных желез. Первые классификации основывались на морфологических признаках или этиологии состояния, современные же классификации сочетают этиологический и морфологический подходы. На сегодняшний день не существует единого протокола, диктующего, какие параметры молочных желез должны учитываться при оценке асимметрии. Первые попытки создания такого протокола были предприняты в середине XX века. Основополагающими являются работы таких авторов, как J. Penn, D. Smith и M. Westreich. В целом при диагностике асимметрии молочных желез учитываются соотношения между основными мягкотканными ориентирами молочной железы (соском, ареолой, субмаммарной складкой, латеральным краем) и костными ориентирами (грудиной, яремной вырезкой, ключицей). Также были разработаны математические формулы для определения оптимального объема молочной железы в зависимости от ее параметров. В настоящее время также подчеркивается важность учета особенностей опорно-двигательного аппарата пациенток (наличие сколиоза, деформации грудной клетки), так как они также могут приводить к появлению асимметрии молочных желез.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Breast asymmetry is a polyetiological condition, which may be caused by congenital characteristics, developmental abnormalities, hormonal changes, traumas or surgery. The estimation of breast symmetry should be performed by the plastic surgeon while planning the augmentation or reduction mammoplasty as well as reconstructive surgery. Breast asymmetry is a widespread condition, according to some reports, it can be found in more than half of women. Anthropometric methods, as well as radiology methods, are used to diagnose and estimate breast asymmetry. There are many classification systems of breast asymmetry. The first ones were based on breast appearance or etiology of asymmetry, while modern classifications combine morphologic and etiologic principles. Today there is no conventional diagnostic protocol for breast asymmetry, where it would be listed, which breast parameters should be measured during breast asymmetry estimation. The first attempts were made in the middle of the XX century. Works of Penn, Smith and Westreich are considered to be basic in this field. Generally, relationships between major breast soft-tissue reference points (nipple, areola, submammary fold, lateral border) and bone structures (breastbone, jugular notch, clavicle) are estimated.</p><p>Mathematic formulas for counting breast volume depending on its linear measurements were developed as well. Nowadays the importance of skeleto-muscular system state (the presence of scoliosis or rib cage deformation) estimation is emphasized, while these conditions can also cause breast asymmetry.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молочная железа</kwd><kwd>асимметрия</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>пластическая хирургия</kwd><kwd>маммопластика</kwd><kwd>антропометрия</kwd><kwd>сколиоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast</kwd><kwd>asymmetry</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>plastic surgery</kwd><kwd>mammoplasty</kwd><kwd>anthropometry</kwd><kwd>scoliosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аляутдин С.Р. Асимметрия молочных желез и сколиоз. Сборник научных тезисов и статей "Здоровье и образование в XXI веке". 2011;13(2): EDN: SBXQGZ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alyautdin S.R. 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