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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-3-39-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микроструктурные изменения задней ассоциативной коры большого мозга у детей в течение первого года жизни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microstructural changes in the posterior associative cortex in children during the first year of life</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-9405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омар</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omar</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омар Сами – ассистент кафедры анатомии человека</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sami Omar – teaching assistant of human anatomy department</p><p>ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 6, Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sami_omar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-9405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цехмистренко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsekhmistrenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна – д-р. мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana A. Tsekhmistrenko – Doct. Med. Sci., Professo</p><p>rMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsekhmistrenko2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Валентин Иванович – д-р. мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin I. Kozlov – Doct. Med. Sci., Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akvi-3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гурова Ольга Александровна – канд. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga A. Gurova – Cand. Biol. Sci., Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oagur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-7607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клочкова Светлана Валерьевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Klochkova – Doct. Med. Sci., Prof.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">swetlana.chava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasil'eva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Валентина Андреевна – канд. биол. наук, ст. научн. сотр.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina A. Vasil'eva – Cand. Biol. Sci., senior researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vavasileva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменко</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenko</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артеменко Ольга Ивановна – канд. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga I. Artemenko – Cand. Biol. Sci., Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemenko-oi@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухов</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhov</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обухов Дмитрий Константинович – д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii K. Obukhov – Doct. Med. Sci., Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkobukhov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов; Институт возрастной физиологии Российской академии образования</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Institute of Developmental Physiology, Russian Academy of Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт возрастной физиологии Российской академии образования</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Developmental Physiology, Russian Academy of Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный институт развития образования Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Institute for Education Development Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет,</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Омар С., Цехмистренко Т.А., Козлов В.И., Гурова О.А., Клочкова С.В., Васильева В.А., Артеменко О.И., Обухов Д.К., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Омар С., Цехмистренко Т.А., Козлов В.И., Гурова О.А., Клочкова С.В., Васильева В.А., Артеменко О.И., Обухов Д.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Omar S., Tsekhmistrenko T.A., Kozlov V.I., Gurova O.A., Klochkova S.V., Vasil'eva V.A., Artemenko O.I., Obukhov D.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1609">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1609</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучение возрастных изменений цитоархитектоники в функционально отличающихся зонах задней ассоциативной коры в области височной и затылочной долей полушарий большого мозга у детей в течение первого года жизни.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материал исследования включал левые полушария детей мужского пола (39 наблюдений) в возрасте от рождения до 12 мес., погибших в результате несчастных случаев без повреждений головного мозга. С помощью компьютерной морфометрии на окрашенных методом Ниссля фронтальных гистологических срезах коры, взятой в височно-теменно-затылочной подобласти (подполя 37ас, 37а, 37d) и поле 19 затылочной области, совместно входящих в состав задней ассоциативной коры, измеряли толщину коры, толщину наружной пирамидной пластинки и площадь профильного поля пирамидных нейронов. Анализ количественных данных проводили в месячных интервалах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Толщина задней ассоциативной коры большого мозга у младенцев на латеральной поверхности височной и затылочной долей увеличивается к 3, 6 и 9 мес., на нижнемедиальной и медиальной поверхностях височной доли – к 5 и 12 мес. Значимое увеличение поперечника III слоя происходило гетерохронно: в подполе 37ас – к 2 и 6 мес., в подполе 37а – к 3 и 8 мес., в подполе 37d – к 2 и 5 мес. и в поле 19 – к 3 и 9 мес. Для всех исследованных зон характерен двухэтапный рост толщины коры, а также отмечены опережающие темпы нарастания толщины слоя III по отношению к общему корковому поперечнику, относительная стабильность размеров пирамидных нейронов в III3 подслое от рождения до 3 месяцев и их интенсивное увеличение от 3 до 8–9 мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Микроструктурные изменения в различных полях задней ассоциативной коры имеют значимые различия, что находит отражение в возрастной динамике толщины коры и ассоциативного слоя III, а также размеров пирамидных нейронов. Наиболее значимые структурно-функциональные изменения этих параметров отмечаются от 3 до 5 мес. и от 8 до 9 мес., а также к концу первого года жизни.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to study of age-related changes in cytoarchitectonics in functionally different areas of the posterior associative cortex in the temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres in children during the first year of life.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study material included left hemispheres of male children (39 observations) aged from birth to 12 months who died in accidents without brain damage. Using computer morphometry, the thickness of the cortex, the thickness of the external pyramidal layer and the area of the profile field of pyramidal neurons were measured on Nissle stained frontal histological sections of the cortex taken in the temporo-parietaloccipital subfield (subfields 37a, 37a, 37d) and field 19 of the occipital region, which are jointly part of the posterior associative cortex. Quantitative data were analyzed at monthly intervals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The thickness of the posterior associative cortex in infants on the lateral surface of the temporal and occipital lobes increased by 3, 6, and 9 months; on the inferior medial and medial surfaces of the temporal lobe, by 5 and 12 months. Significant increases in the cross section of layer III occurred simultaneously: in subfield 37as by 2 and 6 months, in subfield 37a by 3 and 8 months, in subfield 37d by 2 and 5 months, and in field 19 by 3 and 9 months. All of the studied neocortex zones were characterized by two-stage cortical growth in thickness, as well as a faster rate of increase in the thickness of layer III in relation to the total cortical cross section, relative stability in the size of pyramidal neurons in sublayer III3 from birth to 3 months and their intense increase from 3 to 8-9 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Microstructural changes in different fields of the posterior associative cortex have significant differences, which are reflected in the age-related dynamics of the thickness of the cortex and associative layer III, as well as the size of the pyramidal neurons. The most significant structural and functional changes in these parameters are noted from 3 to 5 months and from 8 to 9 months, as well as by the end of the first year of life.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>толщина задней ассоциативной коры большого мозга</kwd><kwd>наружная пирамидная пластинка</kwd><kwd>пирамидные нейроны</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>thickness of the posterior associative cortex of the human brain</kwd><kwd>external pyramidal layer</kwd><kwd>pyramidal neurons</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по Программе стратегического академического лидерства РУДН «Приоритет-2030» Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ; тема № 030209-0-000.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гланц С. 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