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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-62-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологическая и морфометрическая характеристика субкомпенсированной стадии долихоколон</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the subcompensated dolichocolon</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-9772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Татьяна Ивановна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры патологической анатомии.</p><p>пр-т. Ильича, 16, Донецк, 83000, ДНР.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana I. Shevchenko - Doct. Med. Sci., Prof., professor of pathological anatomy department of M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University.</p><p>Pr-t. Il'icha, 16, Donetsk, 83000, DPR.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mcshady@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-2361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борота</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borota</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борота Александр Васильевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>Донецк, ДНР.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Borota - Doct. Med. Sci., Prof.</p><p>Donetsk, DPR.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mcshady@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-0050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швороб</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvorob</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Швороб Даниил Сергеевич.</p><p>Донецк, ДНР.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil S. Shvorob.</p><p>Donetsk, DPR.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mcshady@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-3155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль Ямани</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al' Yamani</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль Ямани Наврас Джамал Али.</p><p>Донецк, ДНР.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nawras J. Alyamani.</p><p>Donetsk, DPR.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mcshady@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6819-652X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамян Арина Ашотовна.</p><p>Донецк, ДНР.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina A. Abramyan.</p><p>Donetsk, DPR.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mcshady@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донецкий национальный медицинский университет имени М. Горького</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевченко Т.И., Борота А.В., Швороб Д.С., Аль Ямани Н.Д., Абрамян А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко Т.И., Борота А.В., Швороб Д.С., Аль Ямани Н.Д., Абрамян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko T.I., Borota A.V., Shvorob D.S., Al' Yamani N.D., Abramyan A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1570">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1570</self-uri><abstract><p>Хронический запор является одной из наиболее актуальных проблем в современной колопроктологии и наблюдается у 14–16% населения развитых стран. Причины хронического запора широко варьируют от функциональных до органических. К последним можно отнести долихоколон, различные варианты которого встречаются в 16% случаев.</p><p>Цель исследования – дать морфологическую  и количественную характеристику  субкомпенсированной стадии долихоколон на основании морфогенеза изменений, по сравнению с гистологически нормальной толстой кишкой.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Использованы  образцы ткани толстой кишки 15 человек, которые были разделены на две группы. Первую, контрольную группу составили 5 секционных случаев морфологически нормальной стенки толстой кишки. Вторая, исследуемая группа представлена операционным материалом 10 пациентов с субкомпенсированной стадией долихоколон. Группы наблюдений репрезентативны по полу и возрасту.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты.  У пациентов  с субкомпенсированной  стадией  долихоколон  по сравнению  с контрольной группой статистически достоверно (p=0,034) в стенке толстой кишки в 1,06 раза уменьшается толщина слизистой оболочки, что свидетельствует об атрофии; в 1,55 раза увеличивается толщина подслизистой основы, вследствие отека с очагами склероза (p=0,0001); в 1,16 раза (p=0,0003) увеличивается толщина мышечной оболочки, вследствие рабочей гипертрофии и компенсаторной гиперплазии гладкомышечных клеток; вместе с тем количество нервных клеток в сплетениях Ауэрбаха достоверно (р=0,0001) снижается в 1,59 раза, что в дальнейшем ведет к атрофии мышечного аппарата кишки и развитию недостаточности ее эвакуаторно-моторной функции; в 1,35 раза увеличивается средняя площадь лимфоидных фолликулов (р=0,003) и в 8 раз уменьшается удельная доля вторичных фолликулов (p=0,0001), что является следствием застоя кишечного содержимого и активации лимфоидного аппарата кишечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение.  Морфологические  признаки  атрофии  и  склероза  клеточных  элементов  нервно-мышечного аппарата толстой кишки начинают формироваться на субкомпенсированной стадии долихоколон, что требует новых объективных клинико-морфологических показаний для хирургического лечения пациентов с целью профилактики развития декомпенсации общего состояния больных и тяжелых осложнений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic constipation is one of the most urgent problems in modern coloproctology and is observed in 14–16% of the population of developed countries. The causes of chronic constipation vary widely from functional to organic. The latter include various variants of dolichocolon, which occur in 16% of cases.</p><p>The aim of the study was is to give a morphological and quantitative characteristic of subcompensated dolichocolon based on the morphogenesis of changes, compared with histologically normal colon.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Colon tissue samples from 15 people were used, which were divided into two groups. The first, control group consisted of 5 sectional cases of a morphologically normal colon wall. The second group was represented by the surgical material of 10 patients with subcompensated dolichocolon. Observation groups were representative by sex and age.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In patients with subcompensated dolichocolon, compared with the control group, the thickness of the mucosa in the colon wall is statistically significantly (p=0.034) reduced by 1.06 times, which indicates atrophy; the thickness of the submucosal layer increases by 1.55 times due to edema with foci of sclerosis (p=0.0001); the thickness of the muscle layer increases by 1.16 times (p=0,0003), because of working hypertrophy and compensatory hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells; at the same time, the number of nerve cells in Auerbach's plexuses decreases by 1.59 times (p=0,0001), which will lead to atrophy of the muscle layer and decrease its evacuator-motor function; the average area of lymphoid follicles increases by 1.35 times (p=0,003) and the percentage of secondary follicles decreases 8 times (p=0,0001), which is a consequence of congestion of intestinal contents and activation of the intestinal lymphoid apparatus.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Morphological signs of atrophy and sclerosis changes of the cellular elements of the colon neuromuscular apparatus begin to form at the subcompensated stage of dolichocolon, which requires new objective clinical and morphological indications for surgical treatment of patients in order to prevent the development of decompensation of the patients’ general condition and severe complications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>долихоколон</kwd><kwd>хронический запор</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dolichocolon</kwd><kwd>chronic constipation</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бейлина Н.И., Поздняк Е.В., Малышева Е.В. Синдром (болезнь) Пайра. 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