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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-52-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1569</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возрастные особенности nNOS иммунореактивных нейронов в неокортексе крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Age specific features of nNOS immunoreactive neurons in rat neocortex</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantseva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцева Татьяна Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой анатомии человека.</p><p>ул.  Революционная, 5, Ярославль, 150000.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana A. Rumyantseva – Doct. Med. Sci., Prof., head of human anatomy department of Yaroslavl State Medical University.</p><p>Revolyutsionnaya ul., 5, Yaroslavl, 150000.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rum-yar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агаджанова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agadzhanova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агаджанова Лилия Семеновна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya S. Agadzhanova – Cand. Med. Sci., Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lili2573@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-9466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варенцов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varentsov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варенцов Вячеслав Евгеньевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav E. Varentsov – Cand. Med. Sci., Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">carabidolog@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4086-8272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожилов</surname><given-names>Д. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozhilov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пожилов Дмитрий Алексеевич.</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Pozhilov.</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.oldman@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашян</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashyan</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дашян Тигран.</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tigran Dashyan.</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lili2573@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселев Андрей Владимирович.</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Kiselev.</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rum-yar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцева Т.А., Агаджанова Л.С., Варенцов В.Е., Пожилов Д.A., Дашян Т.С., Киселев А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцева Т.А., Агаджанова Л.С., Варенцов В.Е., Пожилов Д.A., Дашян Т.С., Киселев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantseva T.A., Agadzhanova L.S., Varentsov V.E., Pozhilov D.A., Dashyan T.S., Kiselev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1569">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1569</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – оценить особенности морфологии nNOS-позитивных (nNOS-IR) нейронов в коре дорзолатеральной зоны лобной доли больших полушарий головного мозга у белых крыс на протяжении 180 суток постнатального развития.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование выполнено на 40 аутбредных белых крысах линии Wistar разного возраста, от 1 до 180 суток. Объектом исследования служили участки правого полушария головного мозга на дорзолатеральной поверхности вблизи лобного полюса (неокортекс). На парафиновых серийных срезах лобной доли проводили иммуногистохимическую реакцию с антителами к nNOS и системой детекции с пероксидазой хрена. Морфометрию нейронов осуществляли по микрофотографиям с помощью программы ImageJ-Fiji (NIH) 1.51h, измеряя площадь сечения тела нейрона, площадь ядра, ядерно-цитоплазматическое отношение, интенсивность реакции. Проведена оценка достоверности различий (парный t-критерий Стьюдента).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что у крыс зрелого возраста в коре лобной доли nNOS-IR проявляют одиночные крупные мультиполярные клетки с высокой активностью фермента, расположенные в надгранулярных слоях, клетки веретенообразной  формы с длинными позитивными  отростками на границе с белым веществом (тип 1), и две разновидности низкопозитивных нейронов – скопления в VI слое и одиночные в других слоях (тип 2). Полиморфизм nNOS-IR нейронов проявляется уже при рождении, но различить все субпопуляции возможно только с 21-х суток. Каждая субпопуляция отличается собственной возрастной динамикой изученных параметров и характером распределения позитивности. Кроме того, у крысят 3–7 суток транзиторной иммунореактивностью обладают многочисленные мелкие нейроны на границе коры и белого вещества.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, разделение nNOS-IR нейронов на два морфологических типа, предложенных в работах предшественников, не соответствует тому количеству субпопуляций, которое удалось описать в дорзолатеральной области префронтальной коры у крыс. Такое разнообразие nNOS-IR нейронов вполне соответствует многочисленным функциям, описанным для оксида азота. Для объективной характеристики различных классов nNOS-IR интернейронов коры необходимо использовать дополнительные данные, полученные из транскриптомных, гистологических, электрофизиологических,  функциональных экспериментов  с учетом  видовых,  топографических  и возрастных  особенностей.  Только  расширенный подход позволит селективно воздействовать на разные типы клеток и обоснованно трактовать результаты экспериментальных исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological features of nNOS-positive (nNOS-IR) neurons in the dorsolateral cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres in albino rats during 180 days of postnatal development.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 outbred white Wistar rats of different ages, from 1 to 180 days. The object of the study was an area of the right cerebral hemisphere on the dorsolateral surface near the frontal pole (neocortex). On paraffin serial sections of the frontal lobe, an immunohistochemical reaction was performed with antibodies to nNOS and a detection system with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal morphometry was performed by microphotographs using the ImageJ-Fiji (NIH) 1.51h program, measuring the sectional area of the  neuron   body,  the  area  of the  nucleus,  the  nuclear-cytoplasmic  ratio,  and  the  intensity  of the  reaction.</p><p>The significance of differences was assessed by paired Student's t-test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that in mature rats in the frontal lobe cortex nNOS-IR was detected in large multi-polar cells with high activity of the enzyme located in the supragranular layers, spindle-shaped cells with long positive processes at the border with the white matter (type 1), and two varieties of low-positive neurons – accumulations in the VI layer and single ones in other layers (type 2). Polymorphism of nNOS-IR neurons manifests from the birth, but it was possible to distinguish all subpopulations only from the 21st day. Each subpopulation is distinguished by its own age dynamics of the studied parameters and the nature of the distribution of positivity. In addition, in 3–7 day old rat pups, numerous small neurons at the border of the cortex and white matter have transient immunoreactivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, the division of nNOS-IR neurons into two morphological types proposed in the works of predecessors does not correspond to the number of subpopulations that could be described in the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex in rats. This diversity of nNOS-IR neurons is consistent with the numerous functions described for nitric oxide. For an objective characterization of various classes of nNOS-IR cortical interneurons, it is necessary to use additional data obtained from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, and functional experiments, taking into account species, topographic, and age features. Only an extended approach will make it possible to selectively influence different types of cells and reasonably interpret the results of experimental studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интернейроны</kwd><kwd>онтогенез</kwd><kwd>оксид азота</kwd><kwd>крыса</kwd><kwd>префронтальная кора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interneurons</kwd><kwd>ontogenesis</kwd><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>rat</kwd><kwd>prefrontal cortex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Варенцов В.Е., Румянцева Т.А., Пшениснов К.К., Мясищева Т.С., Пожилов Д.А. Возрастная пластичность нитрэргических субпопуляций нейронов обонятельной луковицы крысы. 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