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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-15-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1565</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование изменений в коре головного мозга при малых радиационных воздействиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling of changes in the cerebral cortex under low radiation exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гундарова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gundarova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гундарова Ольга Петровна – ассистент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека.</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga P. Gundarova – teaching assistant of human anatomy department of N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University.</p><p>Studencheskaya ul., 10, Voronezh, 394036.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">episheva65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6136-5861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федоров Владимир Петрович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>Воронеж.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir  P.  Fedorov  –  Doct.  Med.  Sci.,  Prof.</p><p>Voronezh.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedor.vp@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кварацхелия</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvaratskheliya</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кварацхелия Анна Гуладиевна – кандидат биологических наук, доцент.</p><p>Воронеж.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Kvaratskheliya – Cand. Biol. Sci., Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Voronezh.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna_kvar_83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маслов Николай Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>Воронеж.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai V. Maslov – Cand. Med. Sci.</p><p>Voronezh.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lovem@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежская государственная академия спорта</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Academy of Sports</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гундарова О.П., Федоров В.П., Кварацхелия А.Г., Маслов Н.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гундарова О.П., Федоров В.П., Кварацхелия А.Г., Маслов Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gundarova O.P., Fedorov V.P., Kvaratskheliya A.G., Maslov N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1565">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1565</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – в модельных экспериментах на крысах выявить изменения в нейронах коры больших полушарий головного мозга в зависимости от дозы γ-облучения, мощности дозы и режима воздействия и установить приоритет каждого из воздействующих факторов (γ-облучения, времени восстановления и их совместного воздействия) в реакции нервных клеток на облучение в малых дозах.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Эксперимент с соблюдением правил биоэтики проведен на 300 половозрелых белых крысах, которые подвергались острому и хроническому γ-облучению в суммарных дозах от 10 сГр до 100сГр с мощностью дозы воздействия от 50 до 660 сГр/ч. Сенсорную и моторную зоны коры больших полушарий головного мозга исследовали на протяжении всей жизни после радиационного воздействия с помощью традиционных нейроморфологических, гистохимических и статистических методик с последующим математическим моделированием полученных оценочных критериев.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Несмотря на особенности режимов радиационного воздействия все они не вызывали в функционально различных зонах коры больших полушарий статистически значимых изменений нейронов. На протяжении всего восстановительного периода как у контрольных, так и экспериментальных животных, наблюдались фазные стохастические изменения различных нейроморфологических показателей состояния нервных клеток имеющих, как правило, пограничный характер, а уровень их значимости колебался по отношению к контролю в незначительных пределах. При этом на изменение одних нейроморфологических показателей большее влияние оказывала доза или мощность дозы γ-облучения, а других – время восстановления. При совместном воздействии радиационного фактора и продолжительности восстановительного периода большинство показателей соответствовало возрастному контролю.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Статистически значимых морфофункциональных изменений нейронов как в сенсорной, так и в моторной зонах коры больших полушарий при рассмотренных режимах γ-облучения в суммарных дозах до 100 сГр не выявлено.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the investigation was to reveal changes in the neurons of the cerebral cortex depending on the dose of γ-irradiation, the dose rate of exposure, the mode of exposure (acute and chronic) and to establish the priority of each of the influencing factors (γ-irradiation, recovery time and their joint impact) in the end result.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The experiment, in compliance with the rules of bioethics, was carried out on 300 adult white rats that were exposed to acute and chronic γ-irradiation in total doses from 10 to 100 cGy with a dose rate of 50 to 660 cGy/h. The sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex were studied throughout life after exposure to radiation using traditional neuromorphological, histochemical, and statistical methods, followed by mathematical modeling of the obtained evaluation criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Despite the peculiarities of the regimes of radiation exposure, all of them did not cause statistically significant changes in functionally different areas of the cerebral cortex. Throughout the entire recovery period, both in control and experimental animals, phase stochastic changes were observed in various neuromorphological indicators of the state of nerve cells, which, as a rule, had a borderline character, and the level of their significance fluctuated in relation to the control within insignificant limits. At the same time, the change in some neuromorphological parameters was more influenced by the dose or dose rate of γ-irradiation, while others were influenced by the recovery time. With the combined effect of the radiation factor and the duration of the recovery period, most of the indicators corresponded to the age control.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Statistically significant changes in the state of neurons in both sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex under the considered modes of γ-irradiation in total doses up to 100 cGy were not revealed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малые дозы ионизирующей радиации</kwd><kwd>мощность дозы γ-облучения</kwd><kwd>острое и хроническое облучение</kwd><kwd>кора больших полушарий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low doses of ionizing radiation</kwd><kwd>dose rate of γ-irradiation</kwd><kwd>acute and chronic irradiation</kwd><kwd>cerebral cortex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асташова А.Н., Федоров В.П., Ушаков И.Б. Радиационные риски в авиации. История и современность. Воронеж: Научная книга, 2019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astashova AN, Fedorov VP, Ushakov IB. Radiatsionnye riski v aviatsii. 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