anatomyЖурнал анатомии и гистопатологииJournal of Anatomy and Histopathology2225-7357N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-4-56-67anatomy-1429Research ArticleОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯREVIEW ARTICLEМорфофункциональные изменения периферических иммунных органов в условиях космического полета и моделирования невесомостиMorphofunctional Changes in Peripheral Immune Organs in Space Flight and Weightlessness ModelingКорденкоА. А.KordenkoA. A.

 Корденко Антон Анатольевич

ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036 

 Anton Kordenko

ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036 

kordenko@yandex.ruШишкинаВ. В.ShishkinaV. V.

ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036 

ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036 

КорденкоА. Н.KordenkoA. N.АтякшинД. А.AtyakshinD. A.

ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036 

ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036 

СоколовД. А.SokolovD. A.

ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036 

ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036 

КварацхелияА. Г.KvaratskheliyaA. G.

ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036 

ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036 

ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный педагогический университет»; ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава РоссииVoronezh State Pedagogical University; N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава РоссииN.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный педагогический университет»Voronezh State Pedagogical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University; People’s Friendship University of Russia2021161220211045667Copyright © Корденко А.А., Шишкина В.В., Корденко А.Н., Атякшин Д.А., Соколов Д.А., Кварацхелия А.Г., 20212021Корденко А.А., Шишкина В.В., Корденко А.Н., Атякшин Д.А., Соколов Д.А., Кварацхелия А.Г.Kordenko A.A., Shishkina V.V., Kordenko A.N., Atyakshin D.A., Sokolov D.A., Kvaratskheliya A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1429

В настоящее время существует множество исследований, посвященных проблемам иммунитета в космических полетах. Доказано, что как кратковременное, так и длительное пребывание в условиях космоса заметно снижает иммунную функцию организма. Известны случаи развития инфекционных заболеваний у космонавтов во время полета. Имеются данные о повышении активности вирусов и микроорганизмов, способных повлиять на состояние здоровья членов экипажей. В свете предстоящей экспедиции на Марс особенно важно изучение вопроса, какие именно изменения в иммунной системе могут быть спровоцированы длительным пребыванием в условиях невесомости и другими факторами космического полета и какие профилактические меры могут помочь сохранить здоровье космонавтов как во время самого полета, так и после его завершения. Состояние иммунной системы в космосе изучено на различных уровнях, от молекулярного до органного. Отмечено изменение морфологических параметров органов иммунной системы, нарушения соотношения их морфофункциональных зон, клеточного состава. Показаны различные нарушения в сигнальных путях дифференцировки, активации и гибели клеток иммунной системы. Одной из наиболее изученных тем является зафиксированное многими исследователями снижение активности Т-лимфоцитов, однако даже в этом вопросе до конца не выяснены механизмы происходящих нарушений и их связь с условиями космического полета. Актуальность методов моделирования условий микрогравитации, таких как различные типы вывешивания, ротация на клиностате, иммобилизация обусловлена как большей их доступностью для исследования по сравнению с полетами в космос, так и важностью изучения роли различных факторов, связанных с полетом в изменениях, происходящих в организме человека и животных. В данной статье представлен обзор публикаций, посвященных широкому спектру вопросов, связанных с состоянием иммунной системы в космических полетах и условиях наземного моделирования.

Currently, there are many studies devoted to the problems of immunity in space flights. It has been proven that both short-term and long-term stay in space significantly reduces the immune function of the body. There are cases of the development of infectious diseases in astronauts during the flight, there is evidence of an increase in the activity of viruses and microorganisms that can affect the health of crew members. In the light of the upcoming expedition to Mars, it is especially important to study exactly what changes in the immune system can be triggered by prolonged stay in zero gravity and other factors of space flight and what preventive measures can help preserve the health of astronauts both during the flight itself and after its completion. The state of the immune system in space has been studied at various levels, from molecular to organ. There was a change in the morphological parameters of the immune system organs, violations of the ratio of their morpho-functional zones, and cellular composition. Various disorders in signaling pathways of differentiation, activation and death of immune system cells are shown. One of the most studied topics is the decrease in the activity of T-lymphocytes recorded by many researchers, however, even in this matter, the mechanisms of the violations occurring and their connection with the conditions of space flight have not been fully clarified. The relevance of methods for modeling microgravity conditions, such as various types of hanging, rotation on a clinostat, and immobilization is due both to their greater availability for research compared to space flights, and the importance of studying the role of various factors associated with flight in changes occurring in the human and animal bodies. This article presents an overview of publications devoted to a wide range of issues related to the state of the immune system in space flights and ground simulation conditions and attempts to combine the results of various levels of research – molecular, cellular and morphological.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.