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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-4-28-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1424</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные закономерности преобразований яичников мелких млекопитающих в неблагоприятных условиях среды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Major Regularities of Transformation of the Small Mammal Ovaries in Unfavourable Environmental Conditions: Ecological and Morphological Aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Оренбург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Orenburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Шевлюк Николай Николаевич</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, г. Оренбург, 460000 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Nikolai Shevlyuk</p><p> ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Блинова Е.В., Шевлюк Н.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Блинова Е.В., Шевлюк Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Blinova E.V., Shevlyuk N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1424">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1424</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилось определение закономерностей структурно-функциональной организации яичников самок мелких млекопитающих, населяющих техногенно измененные экосистемы.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследовали яичники мелких млекопитающих, относящихся к отрядам насекомоядных и грызунов (обыкновенная бурозубка, полевая и малая лесная мыши, обыкновенная и рыжая полевки, обыкновенная слепушонка, степная пеструшка), обитающих в антропогенно измененных экосистемам (зоны влияния предприятий черной и цветной металлургии, а также газоперерабатывающего завода). Полученный материал обрабатывали с использованием обзорных гистологических, гистохимических, иммуногистохимических и морфометрических методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Полученные результаты показали, что в техногенно измененных экосистемах на фоне интенсификации размножения в яичниках самок исследованных видов возникает комплекс морфофункциональных реактивных и адаптивных изменений. Размеры яичников были уменьшенными, площадь коркового вещества снижена. В корковом веществе выявлено снижение числа фолликулов, варьирующее в широких пределах – от умеренного их снижения до почти полного отсутствия. Обнаружено уменьшение площади сосудов микроциркуляторного русла, что явилось одной из главных причин возрастания атрезии фолликулов. В фолликулах различного вида выявлено возрастание доли клеток, экспрессирующих проапоптотический белок Р53. На фоне снижения численности фолликулов наблюдалось разрастание соединительной ткани. В корковом и мозговом веществе выявлено наличие кист, выстланных эпителием различной высоты.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные изменения свидетельствуют о том, что в техногенно измененных экосистемах в яичниках самок мелких млекопитающих наблюдается снижение овариального резерва, связанное с более быстрым истощением резерва фолликулов в корковом веществе, обусловленным как интенсификацией репродукции, так и более быстрой гибелью фолликулов в неблагоприятных условиях среды обитания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to determine the patterns of structural and functional organization of the ovaries of female small mammals inhabiting technogenically altered ecosystems.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We studied the ovaries of small mammal species belonging to the insectivore and rodent families (common shrew, field and pygmy wood mice, common and bank voles, mole vole, steppe pied) that live in anthropogenically altered ecosystems (zones of influence of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, as well as gas processing factory). The resulting material was processed using observational histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results obtained demonstrated that in technogenically altered ecosystems the intensified reproduction results in a complex of morphofunctional reactive and adaptive changes in the ovaries of females of the studied species. The size of the ovaries was reduced; the area of the cortical substance was reduced. In the cortex, there was revealed a decrease in the number of follicles varying over a wide range - from a moderate decrease to their almost complete absence. There was found a decrease in the area of the vessels of the microvasculature; this was one of the major reasons for the increased follicular atresia. In follicles of various types, there was an increase in the proportion of cells expressing the proapoptotic protein P53. A decrease in the number of follicles resulted in the connective tissue overgrowth. The presence of cysts lined with epithelium of various heights was revealed in the cortex and medulla.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusion</title><p> Conclusion. The results obtained evidence that in technogenically altered ecosystems a decreased ovarian reserve is observed in the ovaries of female small mammals; it is associated with a more rapid depletion of the follicle reserve in the cortex due to both - intensification of reproduction and more rapid death of follicles in unfavourable environmental conditions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яичник</kwd><kwd>корковое и мозговое вещество</kwd><kwd>мелкие млекопитающие</kwd><kwd>фолликулы</kwd><kwd>эндокриноциты</kwd><kwd>действие неблагоприятных факторов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ovary</kwd><kwd>cortex and medulla</kwd><kwd>small mammals</kwd><kwd>follicles</kwd><kwd>endocrinocytes</kwd><kwd>influence of unfavourable factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дуденкова Н.А., Шубина О.С. 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