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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-3-98-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1378</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Семенные пузырьки и бульбоуретральные железы млекопитающих: морфология, физиология, экология, действие экстремальных дестабилизирующих факторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Seminal Vesicles and Bulbourethral Glands of Mammals: Morphology, Physiology, Ecology, Action of Extreme Destabilizing Factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевлюк Николай Николаевич</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, г. Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai Shevlyuk</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыскулов</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryskulov</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевлюк Н.Н., Рыскулов М.Ф., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевлюк Н.Н., Рыскулов М.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevlyuk N.N., Ryskulov M.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1378">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1378</self-uri><abstract><p>У млекопитающих придаточные половые железы представлены семенными пузырьками, предстательной железой, уретральными и бульбоуретральными железами, а также железами, коагулирующими сперму и ампулярными железами. Секрет придаточных половых желез увеличивает объем эякулята (на долю секрета этих желез приходится около 95% объема эякулята), способствует продвижению сперматозоидов, вызывает усиление сокращения гладких мышечных клеток стенок женских половых путей.Целью данного обзора является анализ вопросов морфофункциональной организации семенных пузырьков и бульбоуретральных желез млекопитающих животных и человека.Наличие или отсутствие семенных пузырьков является видоспецифическим признаком. Среди млекопитающих семенные пузырьки хорошо развиты у некоторых грызунов, насекомоядных, ряда домашних животных (у крупного рогатого скота, свиней), приматов. Отсутствуют эти железы у клоачных, сумчатых, некоторых хищных, ряда насекомоядных, парнокопытных. Бульбоуретральные железы хорошо развиты у грызунов, рукокрылых, приматов, некоторых копытных.В стенке семенных пузырьков выделяют слизистую, мышечную и наружную оболочки. Эпителий секреторных отделов псевдомногослойный, интерстиций представлен рыхлой волокнистой соединительной тканью и значительным количеством гладкомышечных клеток. В стенке бульбоуретральных желез выделяют слизистую и адвентициальную оболочку. Секреторные концевые отделы бульбоуретральных желез выстланы однослойным однорядным эпителием, железистые клетки вырабатывают секрет слизистого, либо смешанного характера. Семенные пузырьки и бульбоуретральные железы являются андрогензависимыми железами. У видов с сезонным характером размножения их морфофункциональная характеристика претерпевает существенные изменения в ходе цирканнуального ритма репродукции.Эпителий семенных пузырьков и бульбоуретральных желез весьма чувствителен к действию различных неблагоприятных факторов (соединениям тяжелых металлов, органическим ксенобиотикам, электромагнитному излучению, ультразвуку и др.). При воздействии различных негативных факторов в придаточных железах возникает комплекс изменений (отек соединительной ткани и эпителия, снижение секреторной активности эпителиоцитов, десинхронизация секреторного цикла, десквамация железистых эпителиальных клеток, разрастание интерстициальной соединительной ткани).По многим аспектам характеристики придаточных желез мужской половой системы ощущается дефицит информации, прежде всего, по вопросам морфологии и физиологии придаточных половых желез животных естественных экосистем, по вопросам ультраструктурной и иммуногистохимической характеристики этих желез, а также по вопросам механизмов регуляции морфофункциональных перестроек придаточных половых желез в ходе сезонных ритмов репродукции, в условиях адаптации к различным негативным воздействиям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In mammals, the adnexal sex glands are represented by seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, urethral and bulbourethral glands, as well as glands that coagulate sperm and ampullary glands. The secret of the accessory genital glands increases the volume of the ejaculate (the share of secretions of these glands accounts for about 95% of the volume of ejaculate) promotes sperm, causes increased contraction of smooth muscle cells in the walls of the female genital tract.The purpose of this review is to analyze the morphofunctional organization of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands of mammalian animals and humans.The presence or absence of seminal vesicles is a species-specific feature. Among mammals, seminal vesicles are well developed in some rodents, insectivores, a number of domestic animals (cattle, pigs), and primates. These glands are absent in cloacae, marsupials, some carnivores, a number of insectivores, artiodactyls. Bulbourethral glands are well developed in rodents, bats, primates, and some ungulates.In the wall of the seminal vesicles, the mucous, muscular and outer membranes are isolated. The epithelium of the secretory parts is pseudomultitial, the interstitium is represented by loose fibrous connective tissue and a significant number of smooth muscle cells. In the wall of the bulbourethral glands, the mucosa and adventitial membrane are isolated. The secretory end sections of the bulbourethral glands are lined with a single-layer single-row epithelium, glandular cells produce a mucosal or mixed secret. The seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands are androgen-dependent glands. In species with a seasonal pattern of reproduction, their morphofunctional characteristics undergo significant changes during the circannual rhythm of reproduction.The epithelium of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands is very sensitive to the action of various adverse factors (heavy metal compounds, organic xenobiotics, electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, etc.). When exposed to various negative factors in the adnexal glands, a complex of changes occurs (edema of connective tissue and epithelium, decreased secretory activity of epithelial cells, desynchronization of the secretory cycle, desquamation of glandular epithelial cells, proliferation of interstitial connective tissue).There is a lack of information on many aspects of the characteristics of the adnexal glands of the male reproductive system, primarily on the morphology and physiology of the adnexal glands of animals in natural ecosystems, on the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of these glands, as well as on the mechanisms of regulation of morphofunctional rearrangements of the adnexal glands during seasonal reproduction rhythms, in the conditions of adaptation to various negative influences.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семенные пузырьки</kwd><kwd>бульбоуретральные железы</kwd><kwd>млекопитающие</kwd><kwd>эпителий</kwd><kwd>интерстициальная ткань</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>seminal vesicles</kwd><kwd>bulbourethral glands</kwd><kwd>mammals</kwd><kwd>epithelium</kwd><kwd>interstitial tissue</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аль-Шукри С.Х., Горбачев А.Г., Князькин И.В. и др. 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