anatomyЖурнал анатомии и гистопатологииJournal of Anatomy and Histopathology2225-7357N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-3-83-90anatomy-1376Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕORIGINAL STUDYГистоморфометрические показатели регенерации седалищного нерва крыс после перерезки и микрохирургического шва в зависимости от возрастаAge-Dependent Histomorphometrical Values of the Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats after Cutting and Microsurgical SuturingЩудлоН. А.ShchudloN. A.

Курган

Kurgan

ВарсеговаТ. Н.VarsegovaT. N.

Варсегова Татьяна Николаевна

ул. Ульяновой, 6, г. Курган, 640014

Tat'yana Varsegova

ul. Ul'yanovoi, 6, Kurgan, 640014

varstn@mail.ruЩудлоМ. М.ShchudloM. M.

Курган

Kurgan

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова» Минздрава РоссииNational Ilizarov Medical Research Center for Traumatology & Ortopedics2021190920211038390Copyright © Щудло Н.А., Варсегова Т.Н., Щудло М.М., 20212021Щудло Н.А., Варсегова Т.Н., Щудло М.М.Shchudlo N.A., Varsegova T.N., Shchudlo M.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1376

Влияние старения на морфофункциональные характеристики нервов и процесс их посттравматической регенерации подробно изучено, однако неизвестно, существуют ли различия нейрорегенераторных потенций у экспериментальных животных в юном, взрослом и зрелом возрасте.Цель – оценить гистоморфометрические показатели регенерации седалищного нерва крыс после перерезки и микрохирургического шва в зависимости от возраста.Материал и методы. 15 белым лабораторным крысам линии Wistar в возрасте 5–6 (юные), 8–10 (взрослые) и 12 месяцев (зрелые особи) пересекали седалищный нерв на уровне средней трети бедра микрохирургическими ножницами, затем сшивали шестью эпи-периневральными швами. Через 4 месяца животных эвтаназировали. Отрезки седалищных нервов дистальнее уровня швов заключали в аралдит, получали полутонкие срезы (0.5–1.0 мкм), проводили гистоморфометрические исследования. Контролем служили 13 интактных животных. В работе использовали методы непараметрической статистики.Результаты. Численная плотность эндоневральных сосудов в нервах оперированных крыс была больше, чем у интактных, у зрелых особей она была значимо меньше, чем у юных и взрослых (p<0.001). Численная плотность ядер эндоневральных клеток у юных животных не отличалась от интактного нерва, а у взрослых и зрелых – была в четыре раза больше, чем у юных (p<0.001). Численная плотность регенерирующих миелинизированных нервных волокон у юных и взрослых особей не отличалась от интактного нерва, у зрелых – была увеличена в 2.5 раза (p<0.001). Численная плотность дегенерирующих миелинизированных волокон у юных, взрослых и зрелых оперированных крыс была больше, чем в интактной группе (в 2, 6 и 11 раз соответственно). Распределение миелинизированных волокон по диаметру во всех группах отличалось от контроля.Выводы. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о значительном снижении регенераторного потенциала шванновских клеток и нейронов у взрослых и зрелых животных в сравнении с юными.

The effect of ageing on the morphofunctional features of nerves and the process of their posttraumatic regeneration has been studied in details. However, it is not known, whether there are differences of the neuroregeneration potential in the young, adult and mature experimental animals.The aim of the study was to evaluate histomorphometrical parameters of the rat sciatic nerve regeneration after cutting and microsurgical suturing depending on their age.Materials and Methods. The study included 15 white laboratory Wistar rats aged 5–6 (young), 8–10 (adult) and 12 months (mature). The sciatic nerve was transected at the level of the middle third of the thigh with microsurgical scissors and sutured with six epi-perineural stitches in the animals. In 4 months the animals were euthanized. Sections of sciatic nerves distal to the levels of sutures were put into araldite, semi-thin slices (0.5–1.0 mkm) were obtained for histomorphometric analysis. Thirteen intact animals were selected as control. Statistical processing was performed using nonparametric methods.Results. The numerical density of endoneural vessels in nerves of operated rats was higher than that in the intact ones, but in mature animals it was significantly lower than in young and adult ones (p<0.001). The numerical density of endoneural cells nuclei in young experimental animals did not differ from that of the intact ones, but in animals from the adult and mature groups it was more than four times higher than in animals from the young group (p<0.001). The numerical density of regenerating myelinated nerve fibers in animals of the young and adult groups did not differ from that of the intact nerve, in animals of the mature group it increased in 2.5 times (p<0.001). The numerical density of degenerating myelinated fibers in the operated animals of experimental groups was higher than in the intact group (two times, six times and 11 times higher, respectively). The diameter distribution of the regenerating myelinated fibers in animals of all groups differed from that of the intact control animals.Conclusions. The data obtained demonstrate a significant decrease in the regenerative potential of Schwann cells and neurons in adult and mature animals compared with the young ones.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.