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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-3-35-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика изменений нейронов головного мозга при однократном и пролонгированном радиационном воздействии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Characteristics of Cerebral Neuronal Patterns after Single and Prolonged Radiation Exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гундарова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gundarova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гундарова Ольга Петровна</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, г. Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga Gundarova</p><p>ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">episheva65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кварацхелия</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvaratskheliya</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный институт физической культуры»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Institute of Physical Culture</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гундарова О.П., Федоров В.П., Кварацхелия А.Г., Маслов Н.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гундарова О.П., Федоров В.П., Кварацхелия А.Г., Маслов Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gundarova O.P., Fedorov V.P., Kvaratskheliya A.G., Maslov N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1370">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1370</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – провести сравнительную оценку радиационно-индуцированных изменений нейронов головного мозга после однократного и пролонгированного радиационного воздействия.Материал и методы. Эксперимент с соблюдением правил биоэтики выполнен на 240 белых беспородных крысах-самцах в возрасте 4 мес., подвергавшихся однократному или пролонгированному воздействию γ-квантами 60Со в суммарных дозах 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 и 1.0 Гр. Нейроморфологическими и гистохимическими методиками оценивали морфометрические и тинкториальные показатели нервных клеток, содержание в них белка и нуклеиновых кислот, а также активность некоторых дегидрогеназ в ранние (1-е сут) и отдаленные сроки (до 18 мес.) пострадиационного периода. Статистическую обработку результатов проводили с помощью пакетов программ Statistiсa 6.1, использовались параметрические методы (t-критерий Стьюдента, регрессионный и дисперсионный анализ), уровень значимости 95%.Результаты. Несмотря на ряд особенностей динамики нейроморфологических показателей данные режимы облучения не вызывают в нейронах функционально значимых изменений. Среди воздействующих факторов (доза облучения и прошедшее после облучения время) большее влияние на структурнофункциональное состояние нейронов оказывает доза облучения, но прошедшее время нивелирует возникающие изменения и большинство нейроморфологических показателей не имеет достоверных различий с контролем. Выявляемые изменения, как правило, имеют пограничный характер, а уровень их значимости колеблется вокруг показателей возрастного контроля в незначительных пределах. Можно лишь говорить об определенной нестабильности структурно-функциональной организации и напряженности функционирования нейронов при рассматриваемых режимах облучения. При этом в ранние сроки наблюдения более выраженные колебания нейроморфологических показателей происходят при пролонгированном радиационном воздействии, а в поздние сроки – при однократном. В целом значимых различий в реакции нейронов на однократное и пролонгированное облучение в одной и той же суммарной дозе не установлено.Заключение. Существенных радиационно-индуцированных изменений состояния нейронов при всех дозо-временных параметрах и режимах воздействия не установлено. Большее влияние на нейроны оказывает доза облучения, но время, прошедшее после облучения, нивелирует возникающие изменения и большинство нейроморфологических показателей не имеет достоверных различий с контролем. Рассматриваемые режимы облучения по реакции нейронов не имеют между собой значимых различий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of radiation-induced patterns in cerebral neurons after a single and prolonged exposure to radiation.Material and methods. The experiment was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics, on 240 white outbred male rats at the age of 4 months, exposed to a single or prolonged exposure to γ-quanta of 60Со in total doses of 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological and histochemical methods were used to assess morphometric and tinctorial parameters of nerve cells, the content of protein and nucleic acids, as well as the activity of some dehydrogenases in the early (1st day) and long-term periods (up to 18 months) of the postradiation period. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Statistica 6.1 software packages, parametric methods were used (Student's t-test, regression and variance analysis), the significance level was 95%.Results. Despite a number of features of neuromorphological indicators dynamics, these irradiation regimes do not cause functionally significant changes in neurons. Among the influencing factors (radiation dose and time elapsed after irradiation), the radiation dose has a greater effect on the structural and functional state of neurons, but the elapsed time levels the resulting changes and most neuromorphological parameters do not have significant differences with the control. The revealed changes, as a rule, have a borderline character, and the level of their significance fluctuates around the indicators of age control within insignificant limits. One can find out a certain instability of the structural and functional organization and tension of the functioning of neurons under the irradiation regimes under consideration. At the same time, in the early periods of observation, more pronounced fluctuations in neuromorphological parameters occur with prolonged radiation exposure, and in later periods – with a single one. In general, no significant differences in the response of neurons to single and prolonged irradiation at the same total dose were found.Conclusion. No significant radiation-induced changes in the state of neurons have been established for all dose-time parameters and modes of exposure. The irradiation dose has a greater effect on neurons, but the time elapsed after irradiation regimens the resulting changes and the majority of neuromorphological parameters have no significant differences from the control. The considered modes of irradiation do not have significant differences among themselves by the response of neurons.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малые дозы ионизирующего излучения</kwd><kwd>однократное и пролонгированное воздействие</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>реакция нейронов на облучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small doses of ionizing radiation</kwd><kwd>single and prolonged exposure</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>neuronal response to radiation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бирюков А.П., Котеров А.Н. Роль радиобиологии при оценке радиационного риска. 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