anatomyЖурнал анатомии и гистопатологииJournal of Anatomy and Histopathology2225-7357N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-2-62-72anatomy-1314Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESПлазмолемма эритроцитов и ее изменения в течение жизни клетокErythrocyte Plasmalemma and Its Changes During the Cell LifespanБоронихинаТ. В.BoronikhinaT. V.

Боронихина Татьяна Владимировна

 ул.  Трубецкая,  8/2,  Москва, 119992

Tat'yana Boronikhina

 ul. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119992

tvbor51@mail.ruЛомановскаяТ. А.LomanovskayaT. A.ЯцковскийА. Н.YatskovskiiA. N.ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), МоскваРоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), MoscowRussian Federation2021140720211026272Copyright © Боронихина Т.В., Ломановская Т.А., Яцковский А.Н., 20212021Боронихина Т.В., Ломановская Т.А., Яцковский А.Н.Boronikhina T.V., Lomanovskaya T.A., Yatskovskii A.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1314

Статья посвящена обзору литературы по вопросам структурно-функциональной организации плаз-молеммы эритроцитов и ее перестроек в различные периоды жизни клеток. В отсутствии ядра и органелл плазмолемма является единственным структурным элементом эритроцитов, вовлеченным во все процессы их жизнедеятельности. Плазмолемма поддерживает дисковидную форму эритроцита, обеспечивает его способность к обратимой деформации, сохраняет внутриклеточный гомеостаз, участвует в транспорте газов и энергетическом обмене, а также переносит на своей поверхности гормоны, ферменты, антитела, медикаменты  и  другие  вещества.  Полифункциональность  плазмолеммы  обеспечивается  особенностями  ее липидного, белкового и углеводного состава, а также наличием уникального цитоскелета, морфологиче-ски связанного с эритроцитарной мембраной. Плазмолемма претерпевает значительные изменения в течение жизни эритроцитов, а именно, при созревании ретикулоцитов, в процессе функционирования, старения и гибели клеток. Биохимические перестройки плазмолеммы служат триггерами таких событий как везикуляция мембраны, эриптоз, элиминация сенильных эритроцитов макрофагами. Возрастные изменения плазмолеммы эритроцита носят адаптивный характер и направлены на поддержание клеточного го-меостаза  и  функциональной  активности  этих  форменных  элементов  на  протяжении  четырехмесячного пребывания в кровотоке.

The article reviews literature on the organization of the erythrocyte plasmalemma and its rearrangements at different periods of the cell lifespan. In the absence of a nucleus and organelles, the plasmalemma is the only structural element of erythrocytes involved in all processes of their vital activity. The plasmalemma supports the disk-like shape of the erythrocyte, provides its ability to reversible deformation, maintains intracellular homeostasis, participates in gas transport and energy metabolism, also transfers hormones, enzymes, antibodies, medicines and other substances on its surface. The polyfunctionality of the plasmalemma is provided by the peculiarities of its lipid, protein, and carbohydrate composition, as well as by the presence of a unique cytoskeleto n, morphologically associated with the erythrocyte membrane. The plasmalemma has the substantial modifications during the erythrocyte lifespan, namely, in maturation of reticulocytes, in the processes of functioning, aging, and cell death. Biochemical  rearrangements  of  the  plasmalemma  serve  as  triggers  for  events  such  as  membrane  vesiculation, eryptosis,  and  elimination  of  senescent  erythrocytes  by  macrophages.  Age-related  changes  in  the  erythrocyte plasmalemma  are  adoptive  in  nature  and  aimed  at  maintaining  cellular  homeostasis  and  functional  activity  of these formed elements during a four-month stay in the bloodstream.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.