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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-2-23-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анатомическое обоснование атравматичного  проведения троакара при установке  трансобтураторного субуретрального слинга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anatomical Reasoning for Atraumatic Trocar Placement during Implantation of a Transobturator  Suburethral Sling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronskii</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайворонский Иван Васильевич</p><p> ул.  Лебедева,  37А,  Санкт-Петербург,  194044</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Gaivoronskii</p><p>ul.  Lebedeva,  37A, St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкарупа</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkarupa</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ничипорук</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nichiporuk</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова»; ФГБОУ  ВО  «Санкт-Петербургский  государственный  университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ  ВО  «Санкт-Петербургский  государственный  университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайворонский И.В., Ковалев Г.В., Шкарупа Д.Д., Ничипорук Г.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайворонский И.В., Ковалев Г.В., Шкарупа Д.Д., Ничипорук Г.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gaivoronskii I.V., Kovalev G.V., Shkarupa D.D., Nichiporuk G.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1303">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1303</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования  –изучение вариантной анатомии обтураторного комплекса в аспекте хирургического лечения стрессового недержания мочи, а также определение наиболее атравматичной методики проведения хирургического троакара для трансобтураторного субуретрального слинга.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы.На 40 сагиттально рассеченных препаратах женского таза с нижней конечностью  и  сохраненными  мягкими  тканями  была  проведена  имплантация  субуретрального  слинга  по двум методикам: первой  –стандартной, основанной на использовании наружных ориентиров и второй  –методике  вращения  троакара  вокруг  нижней  ветви  лобковой  кости,  разработанной  в  Университетской клинике СПбГУ. После установки трансобтураторного субуретрального слинга по каждой из представленных методик на препаратах методом прецизионного препарирования была оценена вероятность повреждения ветвей запирательного нерва. Также были сделаны предложения по разработке протокола атравматичной установки слинга при стрессовом недержании мочи.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На  основании  результатов  препарирования  и  изучения  топографо-анатомических отношений  троакара  и  ветвей  запирательного  нерва  установлено,  что  обтураторный  комплекс  обладает выраженной  анатомической вариабельностью.  Это касается  как  мышечного  компонента  –внутренней  и наружной запирательных мышц, так и нейроваскулярных структур. Запирательный нерв обладает двумя типами ветвления: магистральным и рассыпным. Последний является фактором риска интраоперационного повреждения нерва. Методика имплантации субуретрального слинга путем вращения хирургического троакара вокруг нижней ветви лобковой кости является атравматичной и безопасной.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы.Вариантная анатомия обтураторного комплекса оказывает влияние на вероятность травматичного  проведения трансобтураторного  субуретрального  слинга. В  частности, рассыпной  тип  ветвления  запирательного  нерва  является  фактором  риска  его  интраоперационного  повреждения.  Требуются дальнейшие клинические исследования, направленные на оценку исходов хирургического лечения стрессового недержания мочи с учетом вариантной анатомии малого таза.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aimof  this research was to study the variant anatomy of the obturator complex in terms of surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence, as well as to determine the most atraumatic technique for conducting a surgical trocar for a transobturator suburethral sling.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods.A suburethral sling was implanted on 40 sagittally dissected samples of the female pelvis with preserved soft tissues using two techniques: the conventional one based on the use of external landmarks and the technique of the trocar rotation around the lower branch of the pubic bone developed at the University  Clinic  of  St.  Petersburg.  After  implantation  of  a  transobturator  suburethral  sling,  the  probability  of injury  to  the  branches  of  the  obturator  nerve  was  assessed  by  precision  preparation  for  each  of  the  presented techniques using 40 samples. It was also suggested to develop a protocol for atraumatic placement ofa sling for stress urinary incontinence.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based  on  the  results  obtained  and  study  of  the  topographic  relationships  of  the  trocar  and branches of the obturator nerve, it is concluded that the obturator complex has significant anatomical variability. This relates to both the muscular component  –the internal and external obturator muscles, and neurovascular structures. The obturator nerve has two types of branching: joint and separate. The latter is a risk factor for intraoperative nerve injury. The technique of suburethral sling implantation by rotating the surgical trocar around the inferior branch of the pubic bone is atraumatic and safe.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions.Variant anatomy of the obturator complex influences the probability of trauma in a transobturator suburethral sling implantation. In particular, the separate branching of the obturator nerve is a risk factor for its intraoperative injury. Further clinical studies are required to assess the outcomes of surgical t reatment of stress urinary incontinence taking into account the variant anatomy of the true pelvis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стрессовое  недержание  мочи</kwd><kwd>женский  таз</kwd><kwd>субуретральный  слинг</kwd><kwd>трансобтуратроный доступ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stress urinary incontinence</kwd><kwd>female pelvis</kwd><kwd>suburethral sling</kwd><kwd>transobturator access</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалев Г.В., Лабетов И.О. Усовершенствование методики имплантации трансобтураторного субуретарльного слинга на анатомических препаратах таза. 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