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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-2-9-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1302</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Темные нейроны сенсомоторной коры белых крыс  после острой неполной ишемии в аспекте  артефактов фиксации и нейроглиальных  взаимоотношений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dark  Neurons  of  the  Sensorimotor  Cortex  of  White  Rats  after  Acute  Incomplete Ischemia  in  Terms of Artifacts Fixation and Neuroglial Relationships</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоронова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoronova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарьева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makar'eva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, г. Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor Akulinin</p><p> ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_akulinin@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржук</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhuk</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заболотных</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabolotnykh</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский  государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University, Omsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский  государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный аграрный университет им. П. А. Столыпина»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University; P.A. Stolypin Omsk State Agrarian University, Omsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный аграрный университет им. П. А. Столыпина»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.A. Stolypin Omsk State Agrarian University, Omsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авдеев Д.Б., Степанов С.С., Горбунова А.В., Шоронова А.Ю., Макарьева Л.М., Акулинин В.А., Коржук М.С., Заболотных М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авдеев Д.Б., Степанов С.С., Горбунова А.В., Шоронова А.Ю., Макарьева Л.М., Акулинин В.А., Коржук М.С., Заболотных М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avdeev D.B., Stepanov S.S., Gorbunova A.V., Shoronova A.Y., Makar'eva L.M., Akulinin V.A., Korzhuk M.S., Zabolotnykh M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1302">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1302</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель  –изучить морфофункциональные признаки формирования «темных нейронов» сенсомоторной коры (СМК) большого мозга половозрелых белых крыс в норме и после 40-минутной окклюзии общих сонных артерий (ООСА).</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы.Острую ишемию моделировали на белых крысах Wistar путем 40-минутной ООСА. Головной мозг фиксировали иммерсионным и перфузионным способами. Проводили сравнительную морфометрическую оценку цито-и глиоцитоархитектоники неокортекса в норме (n=6), через 1 (n=6), 3 (n=6) и 7 сут (n=6) после ООСА. Использовали окраски по Нисслю, гематоксилином и эозином, иммуно-гистохимическое  типирование  NSE,  MAP-2,  HSP-70,  p38,  CASP3,  GFAP  и  AIF1.  Определяли  численную плотность  нормохромных  и  гиперхромных  (темных)  пирамидных  нейронов,  олигодендроцитов  (ОДЦ), микроглиоцитов (МГЦ), а также относительную площадь зон отека–набухания. Проверку статистических гипотез проводили с помощью непараметрических методов в программе Statistica 8.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Способ  фиксации  головного  мозга  существенно  влиял  на  содержание  артефактных темных нейронов (АТН), которые по морфологии и тинкториальным свойствам похожи надегенеративно измененные темные нейроны (ДТН). Появление обратимо и необратимо измененных ДТН после ООСА в СМК сопровождалось увеличением относительной площади зон отека–набухания (контроль –5.4%, 1-е сут –17.6%). Максимальное содержание ДТН (53%) выявлено в слое V через 7 сут после ишемии. По данным иммуногистохимического типирования NSE, MAP-2, HSP-70, p38, CASP3, специфические белки большей части  ДТН  сохранялись,  обеспечивая  их  восстановление  и  функционирование  нейронных  сетей.  Общая численная плотность нейронов СМК через 7 сут в слое III уменьшалась на 26.4% (p=0.001), а в слое V –на 18.5%  (Mann–Whitney  U  Test;  p=0.01).  Выявленные  изменения  носили  диффузно-очаговый  характер.</p><p>В зонах скопления ДТН увеличивалось содержание астроцитов, микроглиоцитов (МГЦ) и олигодендроцитов (ОДЦ). Нейро-астроглиальный индекс (контроль –1.62) через 3 сут после ООСА увеличивался до 2.72. Пик численной плотности МГЦ отмечен через 1 сут, а ОДЦ –через 7 сут после острой неполной ишемии (Mann–Whitney U Test; p0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение.После 40-минутной окклюзии общих сонных артерий в слоях III и V сенсомоторной коры на фоне гидропической дистрофии были выявлены темные нейроны, цитоморфологические характеристики  которых  свидетельствовали  о  наличии  динамики  их  прижизненных  дегенеративных  изменений. Восстановление дегенеративно измененных темных нейронов сопровождалось увеличением количества  сателлитарных  олигодендроцитов,  астроцитов  и  микроглиоцитов. Выявленные  изменения  рассматривались как один из вариантов обратимых изменений нейронов в ответ на умеренное ишемическое повреждение.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aimof research was to study morphofunctional signs of the sensorimotor "dark neurons" formation in the cerebrum of sexually mature white rats under normal conditions and in 40 minutesafter the common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods.Acute ischemia was simulated in white Wistar rats by a 40-min CCA occlusion. The brain was fixed by immersion and perfusion methods. A comparative morphometric assessment of cyto-and gliocytoarchitectonics of the neocortex was carried out under normal conditions (n = 6), 1 (n = 6), 3 (n= 6), and in 7 days (n = 6) after the common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion. The Nissl staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical typing NSE, MAP-2, HSP-70, p38, CASP3, GFAP and AIF1 were applied. The numerical density of normochromic and hyperchromic (dark) pyramidal neurons, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes, and the relative area of edema –swelling zones were determined. Statistical hypotheses were tested by nonparametric methods using Statistica 8.0 software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results.The method of the brain fixation significantly influenced the content of the artifact dark neurons,which are similar in morphology and tinctorial properties to degeneratively altered dark neurons. The appearance of reversibly and irreversibly degeneratively altered dark neurons in the sensorimotor cortex after the CCA occlusion was accompanied by an increase in the relative area of edema  –swelling zones (control  –5.4%, 1st day  –17.6%). The maximum content of degeneratively altered dark neurons (53%) was found in layer V in 7 days after ischemia. According to the findings of immunohistochemical typing NSE, MAP-2, HSP-70, p38, CASP3, the specific proteins of the most degeneratively altered dark neurons were retained, ensuring their restoration and the neural network functioning. The total number density of sensorimotor neurons decreased by 26.4% (p =0.001) in layer III, and by 18.5% in layer V (Mann –Whitney U Test; p = 0.01) in 7 days after the intervention. The revealed changes were of a diffuse focal character. In the zones of degeneratively altered dark neurons accumulation, the content of astrocytes, microgliocytes and oligodendrocytes increased. The neuro-astroglial index (control  –1.62) increased to 2.72 in 3 days after the CCA occlusion. The peak in the number density of microgliocyte s was noted in 1 day, and the oligodendrocytes in 7 days after acute incomplete ischemia (Mann –Whitney U Test; p0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion.After a 40-minute common carotid arteries occlusion, dark neurons were detected in layers III and V of the sensorimotor cortex with underlying hydropic dystrophy; their cytomorphological pro perties indicated the dynamics of their in vivo degenerative changes. Restoration of degeneratively altered dark neurons was accompanied  by  an  increase  in  the  number  of  satellite  oligodendrocytes,  astrocytes  and  microgliocytes. The  revealed changes were considered as one of the variants of reversible changes in neurons in response to moderate ischemic damage.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая  ишемия</kwd><kwd>неокортекс</kwd><kwd>темные  нейроны</kwd><kwd>астроглия</kwd><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>крысы Wistar</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute  ischemia</kwd><kwd>neocortex</kwd><kwd>dark  neurons</kwd><kwd>astroglia</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>Wistar rats</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев Д.Б., Акулинин В.А., Степанов А.С., Горбунова А.В., Степанов С.С. Плейотропные ферменты апоптоза и синаптическая пластичность гиппокампа белых крыс после окклюзии общих сонных артерий. 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