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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-1-85-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1249</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансцеломическая и лимфо-гематогенная диссеминация эдометриоидных гетеротопий – механизм формирования экстрагенитальных форм эндометриоза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transcoelomic and Lympho-Hematogenous Dissemination of Endometrioid Heterotopias – the Mechanism of Extragenital Endometriosis Formation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Украинец</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukrainets</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smolensk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнева</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneva</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнева Юлия Сергеевна</p><p>ул. Крупской, 28, Смоленск, 214019 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya Korneva</p><p>ul. Krupskoi, 28, Smolensk, 214019 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksu1546@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОГБУЗ «Смоленский областной институт патологии»; ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk Regional Institute of Pathology; Smolensk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Украинец Р.В., Корнева Ю.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Украинец Р.В., Корнева Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ukrainets R.V., Korneva Y.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1249">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1249</self-uri><abstract><p>Эндометриоз в настоящее время продолжает оставаться заболеванием с нераскрытым патогенезом. Данная статья демонстрирует и обьясняет возможность различных вариантов диссеминации эндометриоидных клеток в организме с формированием очагов экстрагенитального эндометриоза в отдаленных от малого таза органах и тканях, дополняя и подтверждая теорию маточно-перитонеального рефлюкса в развитии эндометриоза как наиболее обоснованную. Эндометриоидные гетеротопии имеют более развитую лимфатическую сеть по сравнению с нормальным эндометрием за счет активного лимфангиогенеза. Обладая склонностью к инвазивному росту, эндометриоидная гетеротопия является источником распространения эндометриоидных клеток по ходу оттока лимфы из наиболее типичных локализаций (органов малого таза) с поражением паховых лимфатических узлов и малого таза. Лимфатическая диссеминация при аденомиозе наблюдается у каждой четвертой пациентки, что требует пересмотра протокола операции с иссечением регионарных лимфатических узлов для предотвращения рецидивов. Наличие случаев легочного эндометриоза и эндометриоидных кист печени делает гематогенную диссеминацию эндометриоза из первоисточника в области малого таза очевидной. Наиболее частые локализации эндометриоидных гетеротопий располагаются возле соответствующих венозных сплетений малого таза, отток от которых происходит преимущественно через нижнюю полую вену, не имея анатомических препятствий для гематогенной диссеминации эндометриоидных клеток с последующим поражением легких. Для поражения печени, вероятно, имеет значение эндометриоидное поражение дистальных отделов толстой кишки, венозный отток от которых направляется в систему воротной вены. Эндометриоз диафрагмы – пример трансцеломического распространения данной патологии с примущественным поражением правого купола диафрагмы, поскольку правое поддиафрагмальное пространство сообщается с полостью малого таза посредством правого бокового канала, что оправдывает возможность подобного поражения в рамках теории маточно-перитонеального рефлюкса.Таким образом, теория менструальной регургитации и теория гемато-лимфатической диссеминации являются составными элементами единой патогенетичексой модели распространения эндометриоидных клеток в организме.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Endometriosis nowadays still a disease with an undisclosed pathogenesis. This article demonstrates and explains the possibility of different variants of dissemination of endometrioid cells in the body with the formation of foci of extragenital endometriosis in organs and tissues remote from the pelvis, complementing and confirming the theory of utero-peritoneal reflux in the development of endometriosis as the most reasonable. Endometrioid heterotopias have a more developed lymphatic network compared to the normal endometrium due to active lymphangiogenesis, and, having a tendency to invasive growth, endometrioid heterotopia is a source of endometrioid cells spreading along the direction of lymph outflow from the most typical locations (pelvic organs) with damage to the inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes. Lymphatic dissemination in adenomyosis is observed in every fourth patient, which requires revision of the surgery protocol with excision of regional lymph nodes to prevent relapses. The presence of cases of pulmonary endometriosis and endometrioid liver cysts makes hematogenic dissemination of endometriosis from the primary source in the pelvic region obvious. The most frequent localizations of endometrioid heterotopias are located near the corresponding venous plexuses of the small pelvis, the outflow from which occurs mainly through the inferior vena cava, without anatomical obstacles for hematogenic dissemination of endometrioid cells with subsequent lung damage. For liver involment, it is likely that endometriosis in the distal parts of the colon is important, the venous outflow from which is directed to the portal vein system. Endometriosis of the diaphragm – is an example transcoelomic spread with predominant location on the right dome of the diaphragm, as the right subphrenic space communicates with the pelvic cavity through the right lateral channel, which justifies the possibility of such involments of the diaphragme in context of the theory of uteroperitoneal reflux.Thus, the theory of menstrual regurgitation and the theory of hemato-lymphatic dissemination are components of a single pathogenetic model of the distribution of endometrioid cells in the body.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстрагенитальный эндометриоз</kwd><kwd>теория менструальной регургитации</kwd><kwd>лимфо-гематогенная диссеминация</kwd><kwd>трансцеломическая диссеминация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extragenital endometriosis</kwd><kwd>the theory of menstrual regurgitation</kwd><kwd>lymph-hematogenous dissemination</kwd><kwd>transcoelomic dissemination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аничков Н.М., Печеникова В.А., Костючек Д.Ф. 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