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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-1-68-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1247</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Железы языка позвоночных: эколого-морфологические и эволюционные аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Salivary Glands of Vertebrates: Ecological, Morphological and Evolutionary Aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевлюк Николай Николаевич</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai Shevlyuk</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевлюк Н.Н., Долгов В.А., Долгова Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевлюк Н.Н., Долгов В.А., Долгова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevlyuk N.N., Dolgov V.A., Dolgova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1247">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1247</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилось сравнительное изучение эколого-морфологической характеристики и эволюционной динамики желез языка представителей разных классов позвоночных, обитающих в различных экологических условиях.Материал и методы. Исследовали железистые структуры языка позвоночных, относящихся к различным таксономическим и экологическим группам (рыбы, амфибии, рептилии, млекопитающие). Полученный материал обрабатывали с использованием обзорных гистологических и гистохимических методов.Результаты исследования показали, что в ходе эволюционных преобразований организмов позвоночных произошло увеличение и усложнение железистых структур языка, обусловленное как изменением экологических факторов среды обитания, так и изменением характера питания и потребляемой пищи. Эволюционные преобразования железистых структур органа шли в направлении от одноклеточных интраэпителиальных железистых структур (например, у рыб) к сложно устроенным многоклеточным железам языка высших млекопитающих, в которых произошло разделение на концевые секреторные отделы и секретоотводящие пути. В ходе эволюции увеличилось и число функций, выполняемых слюнными железами языка. К функции защиты слизистой органа от повреждений добавились пищеварительная и эндокринная. Серозные железы языка являются филогенетически более молодыми. Их возникновение связано с участием желез языка в начальных этапах химической переработки пищи. Сохранение более древних слизистых желез на фоне появления в ходе эволюции организмов новых – мукосерозных, серомукозных и серозных желез указывает на то, что в ходе эволюционного развития железистые структуры языка демонстрируют параллелизм дивергентных изменений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to compare ecological and morphological features and evolutionary dynamics of the salivary glands in representatives of different classes of vertebrates living in different ecological conditions.Material and methods. The glandular structures of the tongue of vertebrates belonging to various taxonomic and ecological groups (fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals) were studied. The material obtained was processed using histological and histochemical methods.The results of the study demonstrated that in the course of the evolutionary transformations of vertebrates, an increase and complication of the glandular structures of the tongue occurred due to changes in the environmental factors and in the nature of nutrition and food consumed. The evolutionary transformations of the glandular structures of the organ was directed from unicellular intraepithelial glandular structures (for example, in fish) to the complex multicellular salivary glands of higher mammals, in which there was a division into terminal secretory sections and secretory pathways. In the course of evolution, the number of functions performed by the salivary glands of the tongue has also increased. The digestive and endocrine functions were added to the function of protecting the mucous organ from damage. The serous glands of the tongue are phylogenetically younger. Their occurrence is associated with the participation of the glands of the tongue in the initial stages of chemical food processing. The preservation of more ancient mucous glands against the background of the emergence of new organisms in the course of evolution - mucoserous, seromucous and serous glands, - indicates that in the course of evolutionary development, the glandular structures of the tongue demonstrate parallelism of divergent changes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>язык</kwd><kwd>железы языка</kwd><kwd>мукоциты</kwd><kwd>сероциты</kwd><kwd>секреторные концевые отделы</kwd><kwd>выводные протоки</kwd><kwd>параллелизм</kwd><kwd>дивергенция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tongue</kwd><kwd>tongue glands</kwd><kwd>mucocytes</kwd><kwd>serocytes</kwd><kwd>secretory end sections</kwd><kwd>excretory ducts</kwd><kwd>parallelism</kwd><kwd>divergence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герловин Е.Ш. Гистогенез и дифференцировка пищеварительных желез. 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