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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-4-45-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменения клеточного состава коры головного мозга у крыс с разным уровнем когнитивных функций при сочетании церебральной гипоперфузии с кратковременной физической нагрузкой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Cerebral Cortex in Rats with Different Levels of Cognitive Function in Cerebral Hypoperfusion Combined with Short-Term Physical Activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криштоп</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krishtop</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Криштоп Владимир Владимирович</p><p>Кронверкский пр-т, 49А, Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Krishtop</p><p>Kronverkskii prospekt, 49A, St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chrishtop@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantseva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонорова</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonorova</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иваново</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivanovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ивановская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия им. Д.К. Беляева»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D.K. Belyaev Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Криштоп В.В., Румянцева Т.А., Никонорова В.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Криштоп В.В., Румянцева Т.А., Никонорова В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krishtop V.V., Rumyantseva T.A., Nikonorova V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1201">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1201</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучение особенностей нейродистрофических изменений нейронов и глии моторной коры головного мозга у крыс с разным уровнем когнитивных функций и стрессоустойчивости при двусторонней перевязке общих сонных артерий в сочетании с кратковременной физической нагрузкой.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование выполнено на 136 крысах Wistar. Моделью гипоперфузии была двусторонняя перевязка общих сонных артерий (ПОСА). По результатам тестирования в водном лабиринте Морриса все животные были разделены на две подгруппы: с высоким и низким уровнем способностей к пространственному обстановочному обучению. Животные экспериментальной группы подвергались ежедневному свободному плаванию на протяжении 15 минут, начиная с 7-х и заканчивая 35-ми сутками исследования. Крыс выводили из эксперимента через 8, 14, 21, 35, 60 и 90 суток после ПОСА. Гистологические срезы первичной моторной коры головного мозга окрашивали по Нисслю, гематоксилином и эозином, метиловым зеленым и пиронином. Проверку статистических гипотез проводили с помощью t-критерия Стьюдента (p&lt;0,05). Для оценки связи между расчетными показателями использовали коэффициент корреляции Кендала.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На 8-е сутки эксперимента (1-е сутки кратковременной физической нагрузки) гемомикроциркуляторное русло коры головного мозга характеризовалось снижением венозной гиперемии и уменьшением признаков тканевого отека вокруг гемокапилляров, характерного для изолированной церебральной гипоперфузии. На протяжении 14, 21, 28 суток выявлялись нейроны с признаками гиперфункции и палочковидными включениями в ядрах (тельцами Ронкоронни). У гемокапилляров формировались компактные группы клеток. В дальнейшие сроки исследования нейродистрофические изменения были менее выражены по сравнению с изолированной церебральной гипоперфузией, это сопровождалось уменьшением венозной гиперемии, сохранением перивазальных групп клеток вплоть до 60-х суток эксперимента. Тельца Ронкорони исчезали на 90-е сутки наблюдения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Влияние кратковременной физической нагрузки на развитие церебральной гипоперфузии приводит к росту количества нейронов без необратимых изменений, снижению нейродегенеративных изменений, а также снижает выраженность глиоза. Адаптационное влияние кратковременной физической нагрузки более выражено у животных с высоким уровнем когнитивных способностей и сопровождается более значительным снижением числа погибших клеток коры головного мозга. 28-е сутки являются критическим сроком, когда глиоз и гибель нейронов сочетается с появлением телец Ронкоронни и гипертрофией перикариона части пирамидных нейронов, а также концентрацией глиоцитов около гемокапилляров. Последнее, вероятно, носит адаптационный характер, поскольку сопровождается снижением смертности у животных с высоким уровнем когнитивных способностей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to detect the features of neurodystrophic changes in neurons and glia of the motor cortex of the brain in rats with different levels of cognitive functions and stress resistance with bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries combined with short-term physical activity.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 136 Wistar rats. All animals were divided into two subgroups depending on the results of testing in the Morris water maze: with a high and a low level of abilities for spatial environment learning. Animals of the experimental group were exposed to daily free swimming for 15 minutes, starting on the 7th and ending on the 35th days of the study. The rats were withdrawn from the experiment in 8, 14, 21, 35, 60, and 90 days after bilateral ligation of both carotid arteries. Histological sections of the precentral gyrus of the brain were stained according to Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. On the 8th day of the experiment (1 day of short-term physical activity), the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the cerebral cortex was characterized by a decrease in venous hyperemia, and a decrease of tissue edema signs around the hemocapillaries, a characteristic feature of isolated cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurons with signs of hyperfunction and rod-shaped inclusions in the nuclei (Roncoronni bodies) were detected on the 14th, 21st, 28th days. Hemocapillaries formed compact groups of cells. Further, neurodystrophic changes were less pronounced in comparison with isolated cerebral hypoperfusion, this was accompanied by a decrease in venous hyperemia, preservation of perivasal cell groups up to the 60th day of the experiment. Roncoroni bodies disappeared on the 90th day of observation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The effect of short-term physical activity on the development of cerebral hypoperfusion resulted in an increase in the number of neurons without irreversible changes, a decrease in neurodegenerative changes, and also reduced the severity of gliosis. The adaptive effect of short-term physical activity was more pronounced in animals with a high level of cognitive abilities, which was accompanied by a more significant decrease in the number of dead cells of the cerebral cortex. Day 28 was a critical point when gliosis and neuronal death were combined with the appearance of Roncoronni bodies and perikarion hypertrophy of some pyramidal neurons, as well as the concentration of gliocytes around hemocapillaries. The latter appears to be a sort of adaptation, since it is accompanied by a decrease in mortality in animals with a high level of cognitive abilities.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кора головного мозга</kwd><kwd>церебральная гипоперфузия</kwd><kwd>кратковременная физическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>водный лабиринт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral cortex</kwd><kwd>cerebral hypoperfusion</kwd><kwd>short-term physical activity</kwd><kwd>water labyrinth</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев Ю.Г., Чучков В.М. 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