<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-3-64-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1159</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональная и иммуногистохимическая характеристика большого сальника при опухолевом поражении яичников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of the large omentum in ovarian cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халикова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalikova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir state medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевлюк Н.Н., Халикова Л.В., Халиков А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевлюк Н.Н., Халикова Л.В., Халиков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevlyuk N.N., Khalikova L.V., Khalikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1159">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1159</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилось установление морфофункциональной и иммуногистохимической характеристики большого сальника у женщин с опухолевым поражением яичников.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследовали большие сальники 48 женщин, больных раком яичников (низкодифференцированной серозно-папиллярной аденокарциномой высокой степени злокачественности) II (n=20) и III (n=28) стадий. Гистологические срезы окрашивали обзорными гистологическими и иммуногистохимическими методиками (выявляли экспрессию протеинов ki67, Р53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p> Результаты исследования. У пациенток размеры большого сальника характеризовались высокой индивидуальной изменчивостью, в случае метастазирования, размеры сальника были сниженными. Отмечено интенсивное развитие кровеносных сосудов в органе, при этом, в случае наличия метастазов в сосудах органа наблюдался стаз форменных элементов, лейкоцитарная инфильтрация, явления умеренного отека соединительной ткани. В сальнике выявлялись участки лимфоидной ткани, как небольшие лимфатические фолликулы, так и диффузно расположенная лимфоидная ткань. В большинстве фолликулов не были выражены реактивные центры, число фолликулов было снижено при наличия метастазов в сальнике. Анализ распределения CD34+ клеток показал, что они идентифицировались как в опухоли, так и в прилежащих к опухоли участках сальника, что свидетельствует о выраженном ангиогенезе. В тканях опухоли выявлено неравномерное распределение CD7+ и CD8+ и CD4+ клеток, а также в непосредственной близости от нее. Одновременно с экспрессией белка Р53 в значительной части клеток опухоли (в том числе и в эндотелиоцитах кровеносных сосудов опухоли) выявляется экспрессия белка ki67. Доля ki67+ клеток составляла в популяции опухолевых клеток 60.1±3.3%. Наличие большого количества ki67+клеток на фоне экспрессии в них белка Р53 указывает на агрессивность опухоли, а также на нарушение в клетках регуляторных механизмов апоптоза. В непораженных метастазами участках сальника экспрессия ki67 была низкой, она выявлялась в отдельных участках соединительной ткани в клетках фибробластического дифферона.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p> Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о значительной пластичности и реактивности большого сальника в условиях опухолевого процесса в организме и подтверждают важную роль большого сальника в защитных реакциях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to establish morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of large omentum in women with ovarian cancer.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The large omenta of 48 women with ovarian cancer (low-grade differentiated seropapillary adenocarcinoma of high-grade malignancy) of II stage (n=20) and III stage (n=28) were studied. Histological sections were stained with overview histological and immunohistochemical methods (to reveal ki67, P53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61 proteins expression).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p> Results. In patients, the size of the large omentum was characterized by high individual variability; in the presence of metastasis, the size of the omentum was reduced. Intensive development of blood vessels in the organ was noted, but in the presence of metastases stasis of blood corpuscles, leucocytic infiltration, and moderate edema of connective tissue were observed in the organ’s vessels. Areas of lymphoid tissue, both small lymphatic follicles and diffusely located lymphoid tissue, were revealed in the omentum. In most follicles, reactive centers were not marked, and the number of follicles was reduced in the presence of metastases in the omentum. The analysis of CD34+ cells distribution showed that they were identified both in the tumor and in the areas of the omentum adjacent to the tumor, which indicates a pronounced angiogenesis. An irregular distribution of CD7+ and CD8+ and CD4+ cells was revealed in the tumor tissues, as well as in the surroundings. Simultaneously with the expression of P53 protein, ki67 protein expression is revealed in the significant number of tumor cells (including endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels). The proportion of ki67+ cells in the tumor cell population was 60.1±3.3%. The presence of a large number of ki67+cells in the presence of P53 protein expression in them indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as a disturbance of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in the cells. Ki67 expression was low in the omentum areas unaffected by metastases, and it was revealed in the certain areas of connective tissue in fibroblastic programmed differentiation cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p> Conclusion. The results obtained indicate significant plasticity and reactivity of great omentum in the presence of tumor process in the body and confirm the important role of great omentum in protective reactions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>большой сальник</kwd><kwd>опухоль яичника</kwd><kwd>кровеносные сосуды</kwd><kwd>жировая ткань</kwd><kwd>лимфоидная ткань</kwd><kwd>пролиферация</kwd><kwd>иммуноциты</kwd><kwd>мезотелий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>greater omentum</kwd><kwd>the tumor of the ovary</kwd><kwd>blood vessels</kwd><kwd>adipose tissue</kwd><kwd>lymphoid tissue</kwd><kwd>proliferation</kwd><kwd>immunocytes</kwd><kwd>mesothelium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бережная Н.М., Чекун В.М. Иммунология злокачественного роста. Киев: Наукова думка; 2005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezhnaya NM, Chekun VM. Immunologiya zlokachestvennogo rosta. Kiev: Naukova dumka; 2005 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березовская С.Э., Марков И.И. Функциональное значение большого сальника как иммунокомпетентного органа. Физиология вегетативной нервной системы. Куйбышев: КМИ; 1988: 17–8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezovskaya SE, Markov II. Funktsional'noe znachenie bol'shogo sal'nika kak immunokompetentnogo organa. Fiziologiya vegetativnoi nervnoi sistemy. Kuibyshev: KMI; 1988:17–8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Большой сальник. Под ред. Д. ЛиберманМерфферт, Х.Уайт. Пер. с англ. М.: Медицина; 1989</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bol'shoi sal'nik. Pod red. D. LibermanMerffert, Kh.Uait. Per. s angl. Moscow: Meditsina; 1989 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вотинцев А.А., Банин В.В., Соловьев Г.С., Шидин В.А. Рецепторный статус опухолевых клеток и механизмы нарушения тканевого гомеостаза при канцерогенезе серозного овариального рака. Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии. 2019;8(2):22–9 doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-2-22-29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Votintsev AA, Banin VV, Solovev GS, Shidin VA. Receptor Status of Tumor Cells and Mechanisms of Disorders of Tissue Homeostasis in Carcinogenesis of Serous Ovarian Cancer. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2019 Jun 4;8(2):22–9 (in Russian). doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-2-22-29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ломакин Е.А., Брюхин Г.В. Влияние стромально-васкулярной фракции жировой ткани на заживление ожоговой травмы при экспериментальном диабете. Морфология. 2019;155(2):179–80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lomakin YeA, Bryukhin GV. The effect of stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue on the healing of burn injury in experimental diabetes. Morfologiia. 2019;155(2):179–80 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макурина О.Н., Шалаев С.В., Шацкова И.А. Влияние иммуногенных воздействий на морфофункциональное состояние большого сальника некоторых видов млекопитающих. Российские морфологические ведомости. 2001;1– 2:35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makurina ON, Shalaev SV, Shatskova IA. Vliyanie immunogennykh vozdeistvii na morfofunktsional'noe sostoyanie bol'shogo sal'nika nekotorykh vidov mlekopitayushchikh. Rossiiskie morfologicheskie vedomosti. 2001;1– 2:35 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нефедова Н.А., Харлова О.А., Данилова Н.В., Мальков П.Г., Гайфуллин Н.М. Маркеры ангиогенеза при опухолевом росте. Архив патологии. 2016;2:55–68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nefedova NA, Kharlova OA, Danilova NV, Malkov PG, Gaifullin NM. Markers of angiogenesis in tumor growth. Arkhiv patologii. 2016;78(2):55–68 (in Russian). doi: 10.17116/patol201678255-62</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халикова Л.В. Большой сальник: морфофункциональные особенности и клиническое значение в онкологии. Креативная хирургия и онкология. 2011;4:131–4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalikova LV. Greater omentum: morphofunctional characteristics and clinical significans in oncology. Creative Surgery and Oncolog. 2011;4:131–4 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Do T-V, Kubba LA, Du H, Sturgis CD, Woodruff TK. Transforming Growth Factor- 1, Transforming Growth Factor- 2, and Transforming Growth Factor- 3 Enhance Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Potential by Inducing a Smad3- Dependent Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Molecular Cancer Research. 2008 May 1;6(5):695–705. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07- 0294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Do T-V, Kubba LA, Du H, Sturgis CD, Woodruff TK. Transforming Growth Factor- 1, Transforming Growth Factor- 2, and Transforming Growth Factor- 3 Enhance Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Potential by Inducing a Smad3- Dependent Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Molecular Cancer Research. 2008 May 1;6(5):695–705. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07- 0294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erturk E, Tuncel E. Polycystic ovarian disease and serum leptin levels? Fertility and Sterility. 2003 Oct;80(4):1068–9. doi: 10.1016/s0015- 0282(03)01128-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erturk E, Tuncel E. Polycystic ovarian disease and serum leptin levels? Fertility and Sterility. 2003 Oct;80(4):1068–9. doi: 10.1016/s0015- 0282(03)01128-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ino K. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and immune tolerance in ovarian cancer. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011 Feb;23(1):13–8. doi: 10.1097/gco.0b013e3283409c79</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ino K. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and immune tolerance in ovarian cancer. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011 Feb;23(1):13–8. doi: 10.1097/gco.0b013e3283409c79</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kenny HA, Kaur S, Coussens LM, Lengyel E. The initial steps of ovarian cancer cell metastasis are mediated by MMP-2 cleavage of vitronectin and fibronectin. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2008 Apr 1;118(4):1367–79. doi: 10.1172/jci33775</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kenny HA, Kaur S, Coussens LM, Lengyel E. The initial steps of ovarian cancer cell metastasis are mediated by MMP-2 cleavage of vitronectin and fibronectin. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2008 Apr 1;118(4):1367–79. doi: 10.1172/jci33775</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurman RJ, Shih I-M. The Origin and Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Proposed Unifying Theory. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2010 Mar;34(3):433–43. doi: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cf3d79</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurman RJ, Shih I-M. The Origin and Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Proposed Unifying Theory. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2010 Mar;34(3):433–43. doi: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cf3d79</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurman RJ, Shih I-M. The Dualistic Model of Ovarian Carcinogenesis. Revisited, Revised, and ExpandedThe American Journal of Pathology. 2016 Apr;186(4):733–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurman RJ, Shih I-M. The Dualistic Model of Ovarian Carcinogenesis. Revisited, Revised, and ExpandedThe American Journal of Pathology. 2016 Apr;186(4):733–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Longuespee R, Boyon C, Desmons A, Vinatier D, Leblans E, Farre I, et al. Ovarian cancer molecular pathology. Cancer and metastasis review. 2012; 31(3–4):713–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Longuespee R, Boyon C, Desmons A, Vinatier D, Leblans E, Farre I, et al. Ovarian cancer molecular pathology. Cancer and metastasis review. 2012; 31(3–4):713–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li S, Li Q. Cancer stem cells and tumor metastasis. International Journal of Oncology. 2014 Apr 2;44(6):1806–12. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2362</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li S, Li Q. Cancer stem cells and tumor metastasis. International Journal of Oncology. 2014 Apr 2;44(6):1806–12. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2362</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miura M, Yonemura Y. Morphological study of human omental milky spots and their morphological changes in omental disseminated metastasis. Jap J Lymphology. 2011;34:2–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miura M, Yonemura Y. Morphological study of human omental milky spots and their morphological changes in omental disseminated metastasis. Jap J Lymphology. 2011;34:2–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore RG, MacLaughlan S. Current clinical use of biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer. Current Opinion in Oncology. 2010 Sep;22(5):492–7. doi: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32833c3351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore RG, MacLaughlan S. Current clinical use of biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer. Current Opinion in Oncology. 2010 Sep;22(5):492–7. doi: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32833c3351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishida N, Yano H, Komai K, Nishida T, Kamura T, Kojiro M. Vascular endothelial growth factor C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 are related closely to the prognosis of patients with ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2004;101(6):1364–74. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20449</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishida N, Yano H, Komai K, Nishida T, Kamura T, Kojiro M. Vascular endothelial growth factor C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 are related closely to the prognosis of patients with ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2004;101(6):1364–74. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20449</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park SL, Caberto CP, Lin Y, Goodloe RJ, Dumitrescu L, Love S-A, et al. Association of Cancer Susceptibility Variants with Risk of Multiple Primary Cancers: The Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology Study. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers &amp; Prevention. 2014 Aug 19;23(11):2568–78. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park SL, Caberto CP, Lin Y, Goodloe RJ, Dumitrescu L, Love S-A, et al. Association of Cancer Susceptibility Variants with Risk of Multiple Primary Cancers: The Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology Study. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers &amp; Prevention. 2014 Aug 19;23(11):2568–78. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prat J. Ovarian carcinomas: five distinct diseases with different origins, genetic alterations, and clinicopathological features. Virchows Archiv. 2012 Feb 10;460(3):237–49. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1203-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prat J. Ovarian carcinomas: five distinct diseases with different origins, genetic alterations, and clinicopathological features. Virchows Archiv. 2012 Feb 10;460(3):237–49. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1203-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schoppmann SF. Limphangiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis. Anticancer Res. 2005;25:4503–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schoppmann SF. Limphangiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis. Anticancer Res. 2005;25:4503–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senchukova M. The “Cavitary” type of vessels formation in gastric cancer. Morphological characteristics and clinical significance. European Journal of Cancer. 2013;49(2):580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senchukova M. The “Cavitary” type of vessels formation in gastric cancer. Morphological characteristics and clinical significance. European Journal of Cancer. 2013;49(2):580.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senchukova M, Kiselevsky MV. The “Cavitary” Type of Angiogenesis by Gastric Cancer. Morphological Characteristics and Prognostic Value. Journal of Cancer. 2014;5(5):311–9. doi: 10.7150/jca.8716</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senchukova M, Kiselevsky MV. The “Cavitary” Type of Angiogenesis by Gastric Cancer. Morphological Characteristics and Prognostic Value. Journal of Cancer. 2014;5(5):311–9. doi: 10.7150/jca.8716</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zohny SF, Fayed ST. Clinical utility of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) and CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) as markers for diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Medical Oncology. 2009 Nov 24;27(4):1246–53. doi: 10.1007/s12032-009- 9366-х</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zohny SF, Fayed ST. Clinical utility of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) and CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) as markers for diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Medical Oncology. 2009 Nov 24;27(4):1246–53. doi: 10.1007/s12032-009- 9366-х</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
