<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-2-100-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДИКИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод двойного иммунофлуоресцентного окрашивания для изучения кровеносных сосудов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Double Immunofluorescence Staining for Blood Vessel Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусельникова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusel'nikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">Guselnicova.Valeriia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сырцова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syrtsova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржевский</surname><given-names>Д. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhevskii</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусельникова В.В., Яковлев В.С., Сырцова М.А., Коржевский Д.Э., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусельникова В.В., Яковлев В.С., Сырцова М.А., Коржевский Д.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gusel'nikova V.V., Yakovlev V.S., Syrtsova M.A., Korzhevskii D.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1123">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1123</self-uri><abstract><p>Выявление кровеносных сосудов и оценка их функционального состояния является важной задачей современной гистологии.</p><p>Целью представленной работы стала разработка метода двойного иммунофлуоресцентного окрашивания для изучения разных типов кровеносных сосудов в легком крысы.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования служили образцы правого и левого легкого половозрелых (3–5 мес) крыс-самцов породы Вистар (n=5). Для выявления кровеносных сосудов использовали кроличьи поликлональные антитела к фактору Виллебранда (Agilent, США) и мышиные моноклональные (клон 1А4) антитела к гладкомышечному α-актина (Agilent, США). Анализ препаратов проводили с применением метода конфокальной лазерной микроскопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В рамках представленной работы был разработан протокол двойного иммунофлуоресцентного окрашивания, позволяющий с высокой селективностью выявлять кровеносные сосуды разных типов в легком крысы. Использование в качестве одного из маркеров фактора Виллебранда позволяет легко идентифицировать эндотелий кровеносных сосудов. Добавление второго маркера – гладкомышечного α-актина  – дает возможность выявлять слой гладких моицитов, особенности строения которого позволяют определить тип кровеносного сосуда (его принадлежность к артериальному или венозному руслу). Предложенный протокол характеризуется хорошей воспроизводимостью и позволяет получать препараты высокого качества. Вследствие высокой специфической иммунореактивности используемых антител из протокола окраски может быть удален этап теплового демаскирования антигенов, что делает его менее трудоемким, сокращает время изготовления препаратов и обеспечивает лучшую сохранность срезов. Использование в качестве маркеров фактора Виллебранда и гладкомышечного α-актина делает возможным оценку не только структуры, но и функционального статуса изучаемых кровеносных сосудов, что обуславливает перспективность использования предложенного метода для научных и клиникодиагностических исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Detection of blood vessels and assessment of their functional state is an acute issue of modern histology.</p><p>The aim of the study was to develop a double immunofluorescence staining technique to study different types of blood vessels in the rat lung.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included samples of the right and left lungs of sexually mature (3–5 months) male Wistar rats (n=5). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to von Willebrand factor (Agilent, USA) and mouse monoclonal (clone 1A4) antibodies to smooth muscle α-actin (Agilent, USA) were applied to detect blood vessels. Sections were analyzed using the method of confocal laser microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the study the authors designed a double immunofluorescence protocol, which allows highly selective detection of blood vessels of various types in the rat lung. The use of von Willebrand factor as one of the markers facilitates blood vessel endothelium identification. Application of the second marker – smooth muscle α-actin – allows identifying a layer of smooth myocytes; and their structural features provide detection of the blood vessel type (whether it belongs to the arterial or venous bed). The proposed protocol is characterized by good reproducibility and allows producing high quality drugs. Due to the high specific immunoreactivity of the antibodies used, the stage of thermal unmasking of antigens can be removed from the staining protocol, which makes it less time-consuming, shortens the preparation time of the sections and ensures their better preservation. The use of von Willebrand factor and smooth muscle α-actin as markers allow evaluating not only the structure, but also the functional status of the studied blood vessels. This provides application of the proposed method for scientific andclinical diagnostic studies. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кровеносные сосуды</kwd><kwd>фактор Виллебранда</kwd><kwd>гладкомышечный α-актин</kwd><kwd>эпителий</kwd><kwd>гладкие миоциты</kwd><kwd>конфокальная микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blood vessels</kwd><kwd>von Willebrand factor</kwd><kwd>smooth muscle α-actin</kwd><kwd>epithelium</kwd><kwd>smooth myocytes</kwd><kwd>confocal microscopy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коржевский Д.Э., Кирик О.В., Сухорукова Е.Г. и др. Молекулярная морфология. Методы флуоресцентной и конфокальной лазерной микроскопии. СПб.: СпецЛит; 2014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korzhevskii D.E., Kirik O.V., Sukhorukova E.G. i dr. Molekulyarnaya morfologiya. Metody fluorestsentnoi i konfokal'noi lazernoi mikroskopii. Saint Petersburg: SpetsLit; 2014 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коржевский Д.Э., Кирик О.В., Сухорукова Е.Г. и др. Фактор Виллебранда эндотелиоцитов кровеносных сосудов и его использование в иммуноморфологических исследованиях. Медицинский академический журнал. 2017;17(1):34–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korzhevskii DE, Kirik OV, Sukhorukova EG, Alekseeva OS, et al. Von Willebrand Factor of Endotheliocytes of Blood Vessels and its use in the course of Immunomorphologycal Researches. Meditsinskiy Akademicheskiy Zhurnal. 2017;17(1):34–40 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернеховская Н.Е., Андреев В.Г., Поваляев А.В., Коржева И.Ю. Легочные кровотечения. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernekhovskaya N.E., Andreev V.G., Povalyaev A.V., Korzheva I.Yu. Legochnye krovotecheniya. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2011 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумасов Е.И., Петрова Е.С., Коржевский Д.Э. Структурно-функциональная характеристика эндотелиальных клеток сосудов сердца новорожденной крысы (иммуногистохимическое исследование). Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2018; 17(2): 80–5 doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2018-17-2-78-83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumasov EI, Petrova ES, Korzhevskii DE. Structural and functional characteristics of endothelial cells of vessels of the heart of newborn rats (immunohistochemical study). Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2018 Jun 30;17(2):78–83 (in Russian). doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2018-17-2-78-83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумасов Е.И., Петрова Е.С., Коржевский Д.Э. Структурные и функциональные особенности эндотелия сосудов сердца половозрелых крыс по данным иммуногистохимического исследования. Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2019; 18(2): 70–7 doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-2-70-77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumasov EI, Petrova ES, Korzhevskii DE. Structural and functional peculiarities of the endothelium of heart vessels of mature rats according to immunistochemical studies. Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2019 Jul 12;18(2):70–7] (in Russian). doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-2-70-77</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacakova L, Travnickova M, Filova E, et al. The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the physiology and pathophysiology of blood vessels. In: Sakuma K. (Ed.), Muscle Cell and Tissue. Current Status of Research Field. London, UK: IntechOpen; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacakova L, Travnickova M, Filova E, et al. The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the physiology and pathophysiology of blood vessels. In: Sakuma K. (Ed.), Muscle Cell and Tissue. Current Status of Research Field. London, UK: IntechOpen; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ervin JF, Pannell C, Szymanski M, WelshBohmer K, Schmechel DE, Hulette CM. Vascular Smooth Muscle Actin Is Reduced in Alzheimer Disease Brain: A Quantitative Analysis. Journal of Neuropathology &amp; Experimental Neurology. 2004 Jul;63(7):735–41. doi: 10.1093/jnen/63.7.735</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ervin JF, Pannell C, Szymanski M, WelshBohmer K, Schmechel DE, Hulette CM. Vascular Smooth Muscle Actin Is Reduced in Alzheimer Disease Brain: A Quantitative Analysis. Journal of Neuropathology &amp; Experimental Neurology. 2004 Jul;63(7):735–41. doi: 10.1093/jnen/63.7.735</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gujam FJA, Going JJ, Edwards J, Mohammed ZMA, McMillan DC. The role of lymphatic and blood vessel invasion in predicting survival and methods of detection in patients with primary operable breast cancer. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2014 Feb;89(2):231–41. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gujam FJA, Going JJ, Edwards J, Mohammed ZMA, McMillan DC. The role of lymphatic and blood vessel invasion in predicting survival and methods of detection in patients with primary operable breast cancer. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2014 Feb;89(2):231–41. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korzhevskii DE, Sukhorukova EG, Kirik OV, Grigorev IP. Immunohistochemical demonstration of specific antigens in the human brain fixed in zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde. European Journal of Histochemistry. 2015 Aug 5;59(3). doi: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2530</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korzhevskii DE, Sukhorukova EG, Kirik OV, Grigorev IP. Immunohistochemical demonstration of specific antigens in the human brain fixed in zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde. European Journal of Histochemistry. 2015 Aug 5;59(3). doi: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2530</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kretschmer S, Dethlefsen I, Hagner-Benes S, Marsh LM, Garn H, König P. Visualization of Intrapulmonary Lymph Vessels in Healthy and Inflamed Murine Lung Using CD90/Thy-1 as a Marker. Fritz JH, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013 Feb 8;8(2):e55201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kretschmer S, Dethlefsen I, Hagner-Benes S, Marsh LM, Garn H, König P. Visualization of Intrapulmonary Lymph Vessels in Healthy and Inflamed Murine Lung Using CD90/Thy-1 as a Marker. Fritz JH, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013 Feb 8;8(2):e55201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCormack JJ, Lopes da Silva M, Ferraro F, Patella F, Cutler DF. Weibel–Palade bodies at a glance. Journal of Cell Science. 2017 Nov 1;130(21):3611–7. doi: 10.1242/jcs.208033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCormack JJ, Lopes da Silva M, Ferraro F, Patella F, Cutler DF. Weibel–Palade bodies at a glance. Journal of Cell Science. 2017 Nov 1;130(21):3611–7. doi: 10.1242/jcs.208033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pusztaszeri MP, Seelentag W, Bosman FT. Immunohistochemical Expression of Endothelial Markers CD31, CD34, von Willebrand Factor, and Fli-1 in Normal Human Tissues. Journal of Histochemistry &amp; Cytochemistry. 2006 Jan 6;54(4):385–95. doi: 10.1369/jhc.4a6514.2005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pusztaszeri MP, Seelentag W, Bosman FT. Immunohistochemical Expression of Endothelial Markers CD31, CD34, von Willebrand Factor, and Fli-1 in Normal Human Tissues. Journal of Histochemistry &amp; Cytochemistry. 2006 Jan 6;54(4):385–95. doi: 10.1369/jhc.4a6514.2005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana A, Westein E, Niego B, Hagemeyer CE. Shear-Dependent Platelet Aggregation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2019 Sep 20;6. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana A, Westein E, Niego B, Hagemeyer CE. Shear-Dependent Platelet Aggregation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2019 Sep 20;6. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Storr SJ, Safuan S, Mitra A, Elliott F, Walker C, Vasko MJ, et al. Objective assessment of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion and association with macrophage infiltration in cutaneous melanoma. Modern Pathology. 2011 Nov</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Storr SJ, Safuan S, Mitra A, Elliott F, Walker C, Vasko MJ, et al. Objective assessment of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion and association with macrophage infiltration in cutaneous melanoma. Modern Pathology. 2011 Nov 11;25(4):493–504. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.182</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">;25(4):493–504. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.182</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Townsley MI. Structure and Composition of Pulmonary Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012 Jan; 2(1): 675–709. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Townsley MI. Structure and Composition of Pulmonary Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012 Jan; 2(1): 675–709. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y-D. Relationship between vascular invasion and microvessel density and micrometastasis. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2007;13(46):6269–6273. doi: 10.3748/wjg.13.6269</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y-D. Relationship between vascular invasion and microvessel density and micrometastasis. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2007;13(46):6269–6273. doi: 10.3748/wjg.13.6269</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang X, Sun H, Li Z, Zhang H, Yang W, Ni B, et al. Gastric cancer-associated enhancement of von Willebrand factor is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and related to disease severity. BMC Cancer. 2015 Feb 21;15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1083-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang X, Sun H, Li Z, Zhang H, Yang W, Ni B, et al. Gastric cancer-associated enhancement of von Willebrand factor is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and related to disease severity. BMC Cancer. 2015 Feb 21;15(1). doi:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu CH, Yhee JY, Kim JH, et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in neo-vascularized canine brain tissue. Can J Vet Res. 2012;76(1):62–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">1186/s12885-015-1083-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1186/s12885-015-1083-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu CH, Yhee JY, Kim JH, et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in neo-vascularized canine brain tissue. Can J Vet Res. 2012;76(1):62–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu CH, Yhee JY, Kim JH, et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in neo-vascularized canine brain tissue. Can J Vet Res. 2012;76(1):62–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
