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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-2-66-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реактивные изменения клеток лимбической коры мозга при отравлении этанолом, алкогольной абстиненции и хронической алкогольной интоксикации у человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cell Reactions in the Limbic Cerebral Cortex After Ethanol Poisoning, Alcohol Abstinence and Chronic Alcohol Intoxication in Humans</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкрашова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankrashova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробленков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Droblenkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">droblenkov_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины», &#13;
ГБУЗ «Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Experimental Medicine,&#13;
Bureau of forensic medical examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панкрашова Е.Ю., Федоров А.В., Дробленков А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панкрашова Е.Ю., Федоров А.В., Дробленков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pankrashova E.Y., Fedorov A.V., Droblenkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1119">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1119</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – выявление особенностей реакций нейронов и клеток макроглии в лимбической церебральной коре при отравлении этанолом (ОЭ), алкогольной абстиненции (АА) и хронической алкогольной интоксикации (ХАИ) у человека.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Гистологические срезы поля 24 б после окрашивания по Нисслю исследовали у здоровых людей (n=5), после смерти от ОЭ (в периоде резорбции этанола, n=5) и при АА (в конце элиминации этанола, n=5) у людей с ранними признаками алкогольной болезни. Подсчет численности и доли нейронов в идентификационных группах (неизмененных / малоизмененных, гипохромных, сморщенных  гиперхромных, «клеток-теней»), числа клеток-сателлитов и отношения клеток-сателлитов к  числу малоизмененных нейронов (глио-нейронального индекса), установление средней площади тел нейронов  проводили на горизонтальных срезах передней лимбической коры (ПЛК) площадью 1 мм2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Воздействие этанола на головной мозг провоцирует развитие острой (или преходящей), отсроченной и хронической реакции нейральных клеток. Острая реакция, развивающаяся при ОЭ, выражается отеком-набуханием нейронов и является следствием комбинации альтерирующих фактров: токсического воздействия этанола и гиперпродукции катехоламинов. Острая реакция более выражена в дофаминергичкеском слое III ПЛК, чем в слое V. Она является преходящей, поскольку при АА (элиминации этанола) она регрессирует и переходит в отсроченную. Последняя заключается в увеличении и преобладании доли атрофически уменьшенных в размерах малоизмененных и атрофически сморщенных нейронов, усилении фагоцитарной активности погибших нейронов, а также развитии компенсаторноприспособительной реакции  сателлитной глии, наиболее выраженной в слое III. Отсроченная реакция нейронов обусловлена ослаблением и прекращением острых влияний токсикантов, в результате которых на первый план выступают признаки предшествовавших длительных интоксикационных влияний этанола, его токсичных метаболитов и  повышенных концентраций катехоламинов, вызвавшие атрофию клеток. Хроническая реакция клеток выражается значительным увеличением доли «клеток-теней», числа клеток макроглии и атрофическим сморщиванием нейронов. У лиц с ранними проявлениями алкогольной болезни признаки острого повреждения нейронов сочетаются с признаками атрофических.  </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify characteristics of the neuron reactions and macroglial cells in the limbic cerebral cortex after ethanol poisoning, alcohol withdrawal and chronic alcohol intoxication in humans.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included Nissl stained histological sections in the area 24 b in healthy people (n=5), in people died from ethanol poisoning (in the period of ethanol resorption, n=5)  and in people during alcohol withdrawal (at the end of ethanol elimination, n=5) having early signs of an alcohol disease. The number and proportion of neurons in identification groups (unmodified/low- modified, hypochromic, shriveled hyperchromic, “shadow cells”), the number of satellite cells and the ratio of satellite cells to the number of unchanged neurons (glio-neuronal index), the average area of the neuron bodies was calculated on horizontal sections of the anterior limbic cortex 1 mm2 in area.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study proposed to distinguish between acute (or transient), delayed and chronic response of neuronal cells. The acute reaction that develops during ethanol poisoning is expressed by acute swelling of neurons and results from a combination of altering factors: the toxic effects of ethanol and the overproduction of catecholamines. The acute reaction is more pronounced in the dopaminergic layer  III of the anterior limbic cortex than in layer V. It is transient, since in the period of alcohol withdrawal (ethanol elimination) it regresses and becomes delayed. The latter is to increase and dominate the  proportion of atrophic reduced in the size of lowmodified and atrophic wrinkled neurons, increased phagocytic activity of dead neurons, as well as the development of compensatory-adaptive reaction of the satellite form of glia, the most pronounced in layer III. Delayed reaction of neurons is due to the weakening and cessation of acute effects of toxicants; as a result, the signs of previous long-term  intoxication effects of ethanol, its toxic metabolites and increased concentrations of catecholamines, hich caused cell atrophy, come to the fore. Chronic cell response is expressed by a significant increase in the proportion of neurons-"shadows", the number of macroglial cells and atrophic wrinkling of neurons. In people with early manifestations of an alcohol disease, signs of acute neuronal damage are combined with signs of atrophic ones. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этанол</kwd><kwd>алкогольная интоксикация</kwd><kwd>кора головного мозга</kwd><kwd>алкоголизм</kwd><kwd>нейроглия</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>атрофия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethanol</kwd><kwd>alcoholic intoxication</kwd><kwd>cerebral cortex</kwd><kwd>alcoholism</kwd><kwd>neuroglia</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>atrophy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьев В.В., Рубитель Л.Т., Афанасьев А.В. Острая интоксикация этиловым алкоголем. СПб: Интермедика; 2002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanas'yev VV, Rubitel' LT, Afanas'yev AV. Ostraya intoksikatsiya etilovym alkogolem. 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