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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-2-46-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистологические признаки увеличения вилочковой железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histological Signs of the Thymic Enlargement</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудрак</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudrak</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">Xupypr-WH@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наволокин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Navolokin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мыльников</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myl'nikov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Положенков</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polozhenkov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслякова</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslyakova</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. I. Razumovskii Saratov State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мудрак Д.А., Наволокин Н.А., Мыльников А.М., Положенков А.Е., Маслякова Г.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мудрак Д.А., Наволокин Н.А., Мыльников А.М., Положенков А.Е., Маслякова Г.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mudrak D.A., Navolokin N.A., Myl'nikov A.M., Polozhenkov A.E., Maslyakova G.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1116">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1116</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время смертность детей от таких заболеваний как синдром дыхательных расстройств, пневмоний и инфекций крайне высока. Нельзя исключить, что это связано с нарушением функционирования иммунной системы детей. Центральным органом иммунопоэза у детей является вилочковая железа, педиатры уделяют особое внимание гиперплазии тимуса. На сегодняшний день не сложилось единого мнения относительно природы и клинической значимости увеличения тимуса.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучить морфометрические показатели вилочковой железы у детей первогогода жизни при ее увеличении.</p><sec><title>Материал исследования</title><p>Материал исследования. Для анализа частоты встречаемости умерших детей с увеличенной вилочковой железой было проанализировано 764 протокола вскрытия детей за период с 2012 по 2017 годы и отобрано 117 случаев смерти детей первого года жизни. Вскрытия проводились на базе Объединенной детской  прозектуры г. Саратова. Увеличение вилочковой железы у умерших детей первого года жизни было выявлено в 34% (40 случаев). Для гистологического исследования отобран секционный материал 32 детей (15 случаев с увеличенной вилочковой железой и 17 случаев без ее увеличения). Для установления соответствия массы тимуса возрасту и массе тела ребенка рассчитывали тимический индекс. Морфометрическое исследование выполняли при помощи микровизора mVizo-103.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что инфекционные заболевания являются фактором риска формирования  тимомегалии у детей первого года жизни. При морфологическом исследовании было установлено, что увеличение вилочковой железы происходит, в основном, за счет увеличения коркового слоя на фоне уменьшения площади долек. Площадь дольки в исследуемой группе детей уменьшилась на 15%, а количество долек, граничащих в поле зрения, увеличивалось на 50%, относительно этих же показателей у детей в группе сравнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В структуре причин смерти детей с увеличенной вилочковой железой преобладает инфекционная патология. В результате исследования было установлено, что гистологическими  признаками тимомегалии являются увеличение количества граничащих долек тимуса в поле зрения и  увеличение количества незрелых тимоцитов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the mortality rate in pediatric population resulted from such diseases as respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia and infections is extremely high. It cannot be ruled out that this is due to impaired functioning of the children's immune system. The thymus gland appears to be the central organ of immunopoiesis in children, that is why pediatricians pay special attention to thymic hyperplasia. To date, there is no consensus on the nature and clinical significance of the thymic enlargement.</p><p>The aim of research was to study morphometric parameters of the thymus gland in children of the first year of life having thymic enlargement.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. To analyze the incidence of thymic enlargement in deceased children, the authors selected 764 autopsy protocols of children for the period from 2012 to 2017; of these, 117 were children who died in their first year of life. Autopsies were performed in Saratov Centralized Pediatric Prosectorium. The thymic enlargement in deceased children of the first year of life was detected in 34% (40 cases). Autopsy material of 32 children was selected (15 cases with and 17 cases without the thymic enlargement) for histological examination. The thymic index was calculated to specify correlation between the thymus mass and the age and body weight of a child. Morphometric studies were performed using an mVizo-103 microvisor.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As demonstrated, infectious diseases are a risk factor for the formation of thymomegaly in  children of the first year of life. A morphological study detected that the thymic enlargement occurred  mainly due to the enlargement of the cortical layer with the reduction of the lobule area. The lobule area in the studied group of children reduced by 15%, and the number of lobes bordering in the field of view increased by 50%, respectively to the similar parameters in children of the comparison group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, infectious pathologies appear to be the most common cause of death in children with the thymic enlargement. The study results support the fact that histological signs of thymomegaly are the increased number of bordering thymic lobes in the field of view and the increased number of immature thymocytes. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вилочковая железа</kwd><kwd>вилочковая гиперплазия</kwd><kwd>тимоциты</kwd><kwd>ребенок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus gland</kwd><kwd>thymus hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>thymocytes</kwd><kwd>child</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акушерство. Национальное руководство. Краткое издание. Под ред. Э.К. Айламазяна, В.Н. Серова, В.Е. Радзинского, Г.М. Савельевой. М., 2019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akusherstvo. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. A brief edition. Ed.: EK Ailamazyana, VN Serova, VE Radzinskogo, GM Savel'evoi. 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