<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-2-9-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возрастная инволюция бульбоуретральных желез человека и доброкачественная гиперплазия простаты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Age-Related Involution of the Human Bulbourethral Glands and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боронихина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boronikhina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">tvbor51@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карташкина</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartashkina</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцковский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatskovskii</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боронихина Т.В., Карташкина Н.Л., Яцковский А.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боронихина Т.В., Карташкина Н.Л., Яцковский А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boronikhina T.V., Kartashkina N.L., Yatskovskii A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1111">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1111</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – выявить возрастные изменения бульбоуретральных желез человека и особенности их динамики при доброкачественной гиперплазии простаты.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследовали бульбоуретральные железы мужчин возрастом от 17 до 90 лет (n=44). В группе мужчин второго периода зрелого возраста случаи с доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты и без данной патологии анализировали отдельно. В срезах, окрашенных по методу Маллори и с помощью ШИК-реакции, измеряли морфометрические и оптические параметры, позволяющие оценить возрастные изменения бульбоуретральных желез и охарактеризовать их особенности при доброкачественной гиперплазии простаты.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Начиная с юношеского возраста и до старческого периода, в бульбоуретральных железах  наблюдалось уменьшение высоты гландулоцитов, площади срезов концевых отделов, суммарной доли паренхимы. Величина оптической плотности цитоплазмы гландулоцитов была максимальной у юношей, а в первом периоде зрелого возраста значимо снижалась. Во втором периоде зрелого возраста и у пожилых изменения этого показателя были незначительны. В старческом возрасте оптическая плотность цитоплазмы гландулоцитов была минимальной среди всех сравниваемых возрастных групп. Наличие в этом периоде ШИК-позитивного материала в клетках указывает на сохранность способности бульбоуретральных желез к выработке секрета. У мужчин второго периода зрелого возраста с доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты значения всех морфометрических показателей паренхимы бульбоуретральных желез были выше, чем в случаях без узловых изменений в простате. При этом оптическая плотность ШИК-позитивного секрета в цитоплазме гландулоцитов в два раза превышала аналогичные значения в группе лиц без данной патологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Юношеский возраст является периодом максимальной функциональной активности бульбоуретральных желез. Иволютивные изменения паренхимы, происходящие в интервале от первого периода зрелости до пожилого возраста включительно, компенсируются секреторной активностью гландулоцитов достаточной для обеспечения необходимого уровня функционирования желез. В старческом возрасте бульбоуретральные железы сохраняют способность к выработке секрета. У мужчин второго периода зрелого возраста с доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты функциональная активность  бульбоуретральных желез повышена в сравнении с лицами без данной патологии.  </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of research was to study age-related changes of the human bulbourethral glands and features of their course in the benign prostatic hyperplasia.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included bulbourethral glands of 44 men aged 17–90. Patients in the second period of maturity with and without benign prostatic hyperplasia composed a separate group; their cases were analyzed separately. Geometric and optical parameters allowing evaluating age-related changes in the bulbourethral glands and distinguishing their characteristics in the benign  prostatic hyperplasia were measured using sections stained by the Mallory’s method and PAS-reaction.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A decrease in height of glandulocytes, section area of the secretory units, and in total share of parenchyma was observed in the bulbourethral glands from adolescence to senile. The optical density of the glandulocyte cytoplasm was maximal in young men and significantly reduced in the first period of adulthood. In the second period of adulthood and elderly age, changes in this parameter were minor. In the senile period, the optical density of the glandulocyte cytoplasm was minimal in all compared age groups. Presence of PAS-positive material in glandular cells indicates the preservation of the ability to secretion in old age. In men of the second period of maturity with benign prostatic hyperplasia, all morphometric parameters of the bulbourethral gland parenchyma were higher than those in cases without nodal changes in the prostate. At the same time, the optical density of PAS-positive material in the glandulocyte cytoplasm exceeded twice similar values for men without this pathology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Adolescence is a period of maximal activity of the bulbourethral glands. Involutive  parenchyma changes occurring from the first period of adulthood up to and including the elderly age were compensated by secretory cell activity sufficient to provide the necessary level of the bulbourethral  gland functioning. In old age, the bulbourethral glands retained the ability to secrete. In men of the second period of maturity with benign prostatic hyperplasia, functional activity increased compared to individuals without this pathology. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мужчины</kwd><kwd>бульбоуретральная железа</kwd><kwd>гиперплазия простаты</kwd><kwd>возрастная инволюция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human</kwd><kwd>bulbourethral glands</kwd><kwd>prostatic hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>age-related involution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боронихина Т.В., Яцковский А.Н. Возрастные изменения состава гликопротеинов в бульбоуретральных железах человека. Морфология, 2007;131(1):63–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boronikhina TV, Yatskovskii AN. Age-related changes in glycoprotein composition in human bulbourethral glands. Morfologiia. 2007;131(1):63–7 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капилевич Л.В., Кабачкова А.В., Дьякова Е.Ю. Возрастная морфология. Томск; Томский государственный университет; 2009. 204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapilevich LV, Kabachkova AV, D'yakova EYu. Vozrastnaya morfologiya Tomsk: Tomskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2009 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечаев В.И. Морфология нервного аппарата желез луковицы мочеиспускательного канала: автореф. дис. … канд.мед.наук. Смоленск; 1970. 25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechaev VI. Morfologija nervnogo apparata zhelez lukovicy mocheispuskatel'nogo kanala: avtoref. dis. … kand.med.nauk. Smolensk; 1970 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baird DT, Collins J, Egozcue J, et al. Fertility and ageing. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2005; 11(3):261–276. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmi006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baird DT, Collins J, Egozcue J, et al. Fertility and ageing. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2005; 11(3):261–276. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmi006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeLay KJ, McVary KT. Convective Water Vapor Energy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urologic Clinics of North America. 2016 Aug;43(3):371–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeLay KJ, McVary KT. Convective Water Vapor Energy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urologic Clinics of North America. 2016 Aug;43(3):371–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Z, Liu J, Shi X, Wang L, Yang Y, Tao M. Dynamic alteration of serum testosterone with aging: a cross-sectional study from Shanghai, China. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2015 Sep 30;13(1). doi: 10.1186/s12958-015-0107-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Z, Liu J, Shi X, Wang L, Yang Y, Tao M. Dynamic alteration of serum testosterone with aging: a cross-sectional study from Shanghai, China. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2015 Sep 30;13(1). doi: 10.1186/s12958-015-0107-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mawhinney M, Mariotti A. Physiology, pathology and pharmacology of the male reproductive system. Periodontology 2000. 2012 Dec 13;61(1):232–51. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00408.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mawhinney M, Mariotti A. Physiology, pathology and pharmacology of the male reproductive system. Periodontology 2000. 2012 Dec 13;61(1):232–51. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00408.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piludu M, Hand AR, Cossu M, Piras M. Immunocytochemical localization of MG1 mucin in human bulbourethral glands. Journal of Anatomy. 2009 Jan;214(1):179–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01018.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piludu M, Hand AR, Cossu M, Piras M. Immunocytochemical localization of MG1 mucin in human bulbourethral glands. Journal of Anatomy. 2009 Jan;214(1):179–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01018.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potter SJ, Kumar DL, DeFalco T. Origin and Differentiation of Androgen-Producing Cells in the Gonads. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 2016;(50):101–34. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31973-5_5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potter SJ, Kumar DL, DeFalco T. Origin and Differentiation of Androgen-Producing Cells in the Gonads. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 2016;(50):101–34. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31973-5_5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Priest R, Garzotto M, Kaufman J. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Brief Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2012 Dec;15(4):261–4. doi: 10.1053/j.tvir.2012.10.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priest R, Garzotto M, Kaufman J. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Brief Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2012 Dec;15(4):261–4. doi: 10.1053/j.tvir.2012.10.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Risbridger G, Taylor R. Physiology of the male accessory sex structures: The prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands. In: JD Neill (Ed.) Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction. Elsevier 2006: 1149–72. doi: 10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50028-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Risbridger G, Taylor R. Physiology of the male accessory sex structures: The prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands. In: JD Neill (Ed.) Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction. Elsevier 2006: 1149–72. doi: 10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50028-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riva A, Usai E, Cossu M, Lantini MS, Scarpa R, Testa-riva F. Ultrastructure of Human Bulbourethral Glands and of Their Main Excretory Ducts. Archives of Andrology. 1990 Jan;24(2):177–84. doi: 10.3109/01485019008986877</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riva A, Usai E, Cossu M, Lantini MS, Scarpa R, Testa-riva F. Ultrastructure of Human Bulbourethral Glands and of Their Main Excretory Ducts. Archives of Andrology. 1990 Jan;24(2):177–84. doi: 10.3109/01485019008986877</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riva FT, Riva A, Congiu T, et al. Human Bulbourethral and Urethral Glands. In: Riva A., Riva F.T., Motta P. (Eds.) Ultrastructure of the Male Urogenital Glands. Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine. Springer; Boston; MA; 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riva FT, Riva A, Congiu T, et al. Human Bulbourethral and Urethral Glands. In: Riva A., Riva F.T., Motta P. (Eds.) Ultrastructure of the Male Urogenital Glands. Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine. Springer; Boston; MA; 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen Y, Cao J, Liang Z, Lin Q, Wang J, Yang X, et al. Estrogen receptor α-NOTCH1 axis enhances basal stem-like cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes in prostate cancer. Cell Communication and Signaling. 2019 May 23;17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12964-019-0367-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen Y, Cao J, Liang Z, Lin Q, Wang J, Yang X, et al. Estrogen receptor α-NOTCH1 axis enhances basal stem-like cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes in prostate cancer. Cell Communication and Signaling. 2019 May 23;17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12964-019-0367-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi X, Peng Y, Du X, Liu H, Klocker H, Lin Q, et al. Estradiol promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human benign prostatic epithelial cells. The Prostate. 2017 Aug 29;77(14):1424–37. doi: 10.1002/pros.23404</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi X, Peng Y, Du X, Liu H, Klocker H, Lin Q, et al. Estradiol promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human benign prostatic epithelial cells. The Prostate. 2017 Aug 29;77(14):1424–37. doi: 10.1002/pros.23404</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sikorski A. Human bulbourethral glands in the course of aging process in man. Folia Morphologica. 1982;30(2):182-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sikorski A. Human bulbourethral glands in the course of aging process in man. Folia Morphologica. 1982;30(2):182-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sirigu P, Turno F, Usai E, Perra MT. Histochemical study of the human bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands. Andrologia. 2009 Apr 24;25(5):293–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02728.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sirigu P, Turno F, Usai E, Perra MT. Histochemical study of the human bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands. Andrologia. 2009 Apr 24;25(5):293–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02728.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UB Wijerathne C, Park H-S, Jeong H-Y, Song JW, Moon O-S, Seo Y-W, et al. Quisqualis indica Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating Prostate Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2017;40(12):2125–33. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00468</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UB Wijerathne C, Park H-S, Jeong H-Y, Song JW, Moon O-S, Seo Y-W, et al. Quisqualis indica Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating Prostate Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2017;40(12):2125–33. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00468</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wynder JL, Nicholson TM, DeFranco DB, Ricke WA. Estrogens and Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Current Urology Reports. 2015 Jul 10;16(9). doi: 10.1007/s11934-015-0534-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wynder JL, Nicholson TM, DeFranco DB, Ricke WA. Estrogens and Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Current Urology Reports. 2015 Jul 10;16(9). doi: 10.1007/s11934-015-0534-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou S-J, Zhao M-J, Yang Y-H, Guan D, Li Z-G, Ji Y-D, et al. Age-related changes in serum reproductive hormone levels and prevalence of androgen deficiency in Chinese community-dwelling middle-aged and aging men. Medicine. 2020 Jan;99(1):e18605. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000018605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou S-J, Zhao M-J, Yang Y-H, Guan D, Li Z-G, Ji Y-D, et al. Age-related changes in serum reproductive hormone levels and prevalence of androgen deficiency in Chinese community-dwelling middle-aged and aging men. Medicine. 2020 Jan;99(1):e18605. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000018605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y-S, Imperato-McGinley JL. 5α-Reductase Isozymes and Androgen Actions in the Prostate. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009 Feb;1155(1):43–56. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04115.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y-S, Imperato-McGinley JL. 5α-Reductase Isozymes and Androgen Actions in the Prostate. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009 Feb;1155(1):43–56. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04115.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
