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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-4-88-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1007</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологическая характеристика мышцы, поднимающей задний проход крысы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological Description of Levator Ani Muscle in Rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемидронов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemidronov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чемидронов Сергей Николаевич.</p><p>ул. Арцыбушевская, 171, Самара, 443001.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei Chemidronov.</p><p>ul. Artsybushevskaya, 171, Samara, 443001.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gfrs@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Арцыбушевская, 171, Самара, 443001.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ul. Artsybushevskaya, 171, Samara, 443001.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigor'eva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Арцыбушевская, 171, Самара, 443001.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ul. Artsybushevskaya, 171, Samara, 443001.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнилов</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Арцыбушевская, 171, Самара, 443001.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ul. Artsybushevskaya, 171, Samara, 443001.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чемидронов С.Н., Суворова Г.Н., Григорьева Ю.В., Корнилов В.Д., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чемидронов С.Н., Суворова Г.Н., Григорьева Ю.В., Корнилов В.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chemidronov S.N., Suvorova G.N., Grigor'eva Y.V., Kornilov V.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1007">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1007</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – изучение особенностей структурной организации мышцы, поднимающей задний проход у белых лабораторных крыс.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В качестве объекта исследования использовали белых крыс, по 5 особей каждого пола, массой 300–420 г, содержавшихся в стандартных условиях вивария со свободным доступом к воде и пище. В работе использовали методы препарирования, световой, электронной микроскопии и гистохимии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что у самцов крыс мышца, поднимающая задний проход, представлена единым комплексом без четкой дифференцировки на компартменты. У самок в ней дифференцируются подвздошно-хвостовая и лобково-хвостовая порции. Подвздошно-хвостовая мышца берет начало на внутренней поверхности подвздошной кости, лобково-хвостовая – начинается от задней поверхности лобковой кости ниже лобкового симфиза. Другим концом мышцы своими сухожилиями прикрепляются к передней поверхности тел хвостовых позвонков СаIII–CaVI, при этом лобково-хвостовая прикрепляется проксимальнее к СаIII–CaIV, а подвздошно-хвостовая – дистальнее к СаV–CaVI. На поперечных срезах мышечные волокна мышцы, поднимающей задний проход, у самцов и лобково-хвостовой порции у самок имеют преимущественно полигональную форму, а волокна подвздошно-хвостовой порции у самок – округлую. Ультраструктурных проявлений полового диморфизма среди мышечных волокон не прослеживается, они имеют типичное строение, характерное для поперечнополосатой скелетной мышечной ткани. При гистохимическом исследовании установлено наличие в мышце волокон и I и II типа, с преобладанием гликолитических волокон (II типа).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о наличии у лабораторных крыс полового диморфизма  в  строении  мышцы,  поднимающей  задний  проход.  Есть  основания  полагать,  что данная мышца вносит больший вклад в обеспечение движений хвоста, чем в укрепление стенки малого таза и удержания органов. Эти данные необходимо учитывать при моделировании процессов недержания мочи и кала, пролапса тазовых органов у белых крыс.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of the research</title><p>The aim of the research: the study of structural morphologic features of levator ani muscle in white laboratory rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Five male and five female laboratory rats 300–420 g of weight were observed as an object of investigation. The experimental animals were kept in standard conditions in vivarium with the free access to water and food. The methods of preparation, histochemistry, optical and electronic microscopy were used during the investigation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was stated that in male rats, levator ani muscle is represented by a single complex without a clear differentiation into compartments. In females, the iliocaudal and pubocaudal portions of levator ani muscle are clearly differentiated. The iliocaudal muscle is initially attached to the internal part of iliac bone, pubocaudal muscle is initially attached to the posterior part of pubic bone below pubic symphysis. The other ends of the muscles are attached through their tendons to the anterior surface of caudal vertebrae bodies CaIII–CaVI. Meanwhile, iliocaudal muscle is attached more proximally to CaIII–CaVI, and pubocaudal muscle is attached more distally to CaV–CaVI. The transverse sections of levator ani muscle in males and its pubocaudal portion in females are represented by polygonal muscle fibers, and the iliocaudal portion of levator ani muscle in females is represented by orbicular muscle fibers. Ultrastructural manifestations of sexual dimorphism among muscle fibers are not observed, they have got typical structure representative for transversal striated skeletal muscular tissue. On histochemical investigation the presence of I and II type of muscle fibers was determined, but glycolytic fibers (of the II type) prevailed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the presence of sexual dimorphism in levator ani muscle structure in white laboratory rats. This muscle is supposed to contribute more to provide tail movements than to strengthen small pelvis wall and protect organs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышца</kwd><kwd>поднимающая задний проход</kwd><kwd>лобково-хвостовая мышца</kwd><kwd>подвздошно-хвостовая мышца</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>levator ani muscle</kwd><kwd>iliocaudal muscle</kwd><kwd>pubocaudal muscle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Международная анатомическая терминология. под ред. 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