anatomyЖурнал анатомии и гистопатологииJournal of Anatomy and Histopathology2225-7357N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-4-74-80anatomy-1005Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESМакрофаг – центральное звено коммуникационной системы ткани эндометрияMacrophage – the Central Link of the Endometrial Tissue Communication SystemУкраинецР. В.UkrainetsR. V.

Украинец Роман Вадимович.

ул. Крупской, 28, Смоленск, 214019.

Roman Ukrainets.

ul. Krupskoi, 28, Smolensk, 214019.

ukrainets.roman@yandex.ruКорневаЮ. С.KornevaYu. S.

ul. Krupskoi, 28, Smolensk, 214019.

ДоросевичА. Е.DorosevichA. E.

ul. Krupskoi, 28, Smolensk, 214019.

Смоленский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииSmolensk State Medical University201924122019847480Copyright © Украинец Р.В., Корнева Ю.С., Доросевич А.Е., 20192019Украинец Р.В., Корнева Ю.С., Доросевич А.Е.Ukrainets R.V., Korneva Y.S., Dorosevich A.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1005

Данная работа посвящена клеточной популяции макрофагов в качестве одной из наиболее значимых структур контроля и управления гомеостазом ткани эндометрия, где данные клетки координируют работу клеточных популяций, составляющих коммуникационную систему. Посредством возможности поляризации своего фенотипа макрофаги способны выполнять множество функций, регулируя структурные преобразования эндометрия в зависимости от фазы цикла или возникновения патологии. Высокая концентрация  эстрогена в фолликулярную  фазу является сигналом для макрофагов  эндометрия  к запуску целого ряда событий, затрагивающих все остальные клеточные популяции, в том числе и мезенхимальные стволовые клетки эндометрия. Данные взаимодействия приводят к активации пролиферации фибробластоподобных клеток с последующим их созреванием, а также ангиогенезу и нейрогенезу, что составляет стромальный компонент функционального слоя эндометрия. Особый интерес представляет влияние макрофагов на восполнение железистого компонента функционального слоя эндометрия в процессе железистого ремоделирования, в основе которого лежит эпителиально-мезенхимальный  переход. В фазу секреции макрофаги эндометрия координируют создание клеточного микроокружения для обеспечения толерантности клеток иммунной системы матери к антигенам плода, а также поддержание гомеостаза и роста плаценты. При отсутствии оплодотворения макрофаги активно способствуют разрушению основного вещества ткани эндометрия, что обеспечивает менструальный распад в фазу десквамации. Рассмотрена роль функциональной разбалансировки макрофагов как патогенетического звена целого ряда патологий эндометрия и беременности. Таким образом, показана центральная роль макрофагальной популяции в управлении коммуникационной  системой  ткани эндометрия. Понимание  данных  аспектов  открывает  новые возможности управления менструальным циклом, планированием и сохранением беременности.

This study deals with the problem of the macrophage cell population as one of the most significant structures for monitoring and controlling the endometrial tissue homeostasis, where these cells coordinate the work of cell  populations  composing  the  communication  system.  Due  to the possibility  of polarizing  their  phenotype, macrophages are able to perform many functions by regulating the structural transformations of the endometrium depending on the phase of the cycle or occurrence of a pathology. A high concentration of estrogen in the follicular phase is a signal for endometrial macrophages to trigger a series of events that affect all other cell populations, including endometrial mesenchymal stem cells. These interactions result in the activation of the proliferation of fibroblast-like cells with their subsequent maturation, as well as angiogenesis and neurogenesis, being the stromal component of the endometrium functional layer. Of particular interest is the impact of macrophages on the replenishment of the glandular component of the endometrium functional layer within the glandular remodeling process, which is based on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In the phase of secretion, endometrial macrophages coordinate the creation of a cellular microenvironment to ensure the tolerance of maternal immune cells to antigens of the fetus, as well as maintaining homeostasis and placental growth. In the absence of fertilization, macrophages actively contribute to the destruction of the main substance of the endometrial tissue; this ensures menstrual decay in the desquamation phase. This study considers the role of the macrophages functional imbalance as a pathogenetic link of certain pathologies of the endometrium and pregnancy. Thus, it is demonstrated the central role of the macrophage population in controlling the communication system of the endometrial tissue. Insight of these aspects opens up new opportunities for managing the menstrual cycle, planning and maintaining pregnancy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.